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American Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics

Undetected Error Probability for Quantum Codes

Manish K. Gupta, Rajesh Kumar Narula, Divya Taneja

Published Jan 23, 2015• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

From last fourteen years the work on undetected error probability for quantum codes has been silent. The undetected error probability has been discussed by Ashikhmin [3] in which it was proved that the average probability of undetected error for a given code is essentially given by a function of its weight enumerators. In this paper, new upper bounds on undetected error probability for quantum codes used for error detection on depolarization channel are given. It has also been established that the probability of undetected errors for quantum codes over depolarization channel do satisfy the upper bound analogous to classical codes.

DOI
10.12691/ajams-3-2-6

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From last fourteen years the work on undetected error probability for quantum codes has been silent. The undetected error probability has been discussed by Ashikhmin [3] in which it was proved that the average probability of undetected error for a given code is essentially given by a function of its weight enumerators. In this paper, new upper bounds on undetected error probability for quantum codes used for error detection on depolarization channel are given. It has also been established that the probability of undetected errors for quantum codes over depolarization channel do satisfy the upper bound analogous to classical codes.
We show that the probability of undetected error for a quantum code on the depolarizing channel can be expressed via code's weight enumerators. We prove that there exist quantum codes whose probability of undetected error falls exponentially with the length of the code and derive a lower bound on this exponent. To derive upper bounds we formulate a linear programming problem and present two feasible programs for it. The asymptotic upper and lower bounds coincide in a certain interval of code rates close to 1.
This paper is devoted to the problem of error detection with quantum codes. We show that it is possible to give a consistent definition of the undetected error event. To prove this, we examine possible problem settings for quantum error detection. Our goal is to derive a functional that describes the probability of undetected error under natural physical assumptions concerning transmission with error detection with quantum codes. We discuss possible transmission protocols with stabilizer and unrestricted quantum codes. The set of results proved in the paper shows that in all the cases considered the average probability of undetected error for a given code is essentially given by one and the same function of its weight enumerators. We examine polynomial invariants of quantum codes and show that coefficients of Rains's (see ibid., vol44, p.1388-94, 1998) "unitary weight enumerators" are known for classical codes under the name of binomial moments of the distance distribution. As in the classical situation, these enumerators provide an alternative expression for the probability of undetected error.
The problem of computing the probability of undetected error is considered for linear block codes used for error detection. The recent literature is first reviewed and several results are extended. It is pointed out that an exact calculation can be based on either the weight distribution of a code or its dual. Using the dual code formulation, the probability of undetected error for the ensemble of all nonbinary linear block codes is derived as well as a theorem that shows why the probability of undetected error may not be a monotonic function of channel error rate for some poor codes. Several bounds on the undetected error probability are then presented. We conclude with detailed examples of binary and nonbinary codes for which exact results can be obtained. An efficient technique for measuring an unknown weight distribution is suggested and exact results are compared with experimental results.
In Part II we show that there exist quantum codes whose probability of undetected error falls exponentially with the length of the code and derive bounds on this exponent.The lower (existence) bound for stabilizer codes is proved by a counting argument for classical self-orthogonal quaternary codes. Upper bounds for any quantum codes are proved by linear programming. We present two general solutions of the LP problem. Together they give an upper bound on the exponent of undetected error. The upper and lower asymptotic bounds coincide for a certain interval of code rates close to 1.