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Birkhäuser Basel eBooks

Relativistic Quantum Particles

Masao Nagasawa

Published Jan 1, 2000• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The theory of time reversal and duality of Markov processes was applied to non-relativistic quantum particles in Chapter III. In this chapter we apply the stochastic theory to relativistic quantum particles. We will consider the relativistic Schrödinger equation of a spinless particle in an electromagnetic field. It will be shown that the relativistic quantum particles no longer have continuous paths but move only through pure jumps in contrast to the continuous movement of non-relativistic quantum particles.

DOI
10.1007/978-3-0348-8383-2_7

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The theory of time reversal and duality of Markov processes was applied to non-relativistic quantum particles in Chapter III. In this chapter we apply the stochastic theory to relativistic quantum particles. We will consider the relativistic Schrödinger equation of a spinless particle in an electromagnetic field. It will be shown that the relativistic quantum particles no longer have continuous paths but move only through pure jumps in contrast to the continuous movement of non-relativistic quantum particles.
In the preceding chapter we have formulated the equation of motion of relativistic quantum particles as a pair of evolution equations with fractional power generators which are in formal duality, and shown that the evolution equation has an equivalent formulation in terms of stochastic differential equations of pure-jumps. In this chapter the existence and uniqueness of solutions of the stochastic differential equations of pure-jumps will be proved, and then pure-jump Markov processes will be constructed. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
The stochastic variational principle discussed in Section 5.5 is based on the relative entropy, for which we need the absolute continuity of probability measures. To show the absolute continuity between jump Markov processes, we will construct a multiplicative functional which is not of Kac type. With the help of the renormalization of the multiplicative functional, we will apply the stochastic variational principle to relativistic quantum particles. 1 These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
A physical theory is proposed that obeys both the principles of special relativity and of quantum mechanics. Time and space are treated on exactly the same footing, namely as quantum mechanical observables on a Hilbert space. The theory is not based upon Lagrangian or Hamiltonian mechanics and cannot be formulated within the framework of unitary dynamics. As a most important aspect, the theory breaks with the concept of a continuously flowing time in favour of a discrete jump process in spacetime. All physical statements are formulated in terms of detector events rather than particle states. The physical object under consideration is a spinless particle in empty space. Yet the theory also accounts for particle-antiparticle pair creation and annihilation, and is therefore not a single-particle theory in the strict sense. The Maxwell equations are derived as a straightforward consequence of some fundamental commutation relations. In the non-relativistic limit, and in the limit of infinitely small time uncertainties, one obtains the familiar Schr\\"odinger equation of a spinless particle exposed to an external electromagnetic field.
A physical theory is proposed that obeys both the principles of special relativity and of quantum mechanics. As a key feature, the laws are formulated in terms of quantum events rather than of particle states. Temporal and spatial coordinates of a quantum event are treated on equal footing, namely as self-adjoint operators on a Hilbert space. The theory is not based upon Lagrangian or Hamiltonian mechanics, and breaks with the concept of a continuously flowing time. The physical object under consideration is a spinless particle exposed to an external potential. The theory also accounts for particle-antiparticle pair creation and annihilation, and is therefore not a single-particle theory in the usual sense. The Maxwell equations are derived as a straightforward consequence of certain fundamental commutation relations. In the non-relativistic limit and in the limit of vanishing time uncertainty, the Schrödinger equation of a spinless particle exposed to an external electromagnetic field is obtained.
There are two stochastic descriptions of relativistic quantum spinless particles. In the first one, suggested by Feynman's path integral approach to Klein-Gordon propagator, the main ingredients are diffusions in Minkowski space parametrized by some kind of proper time. The second description, on the contrary, is based upon jumb Markov processes giving the space position of the particle in the sense of Newton and Wigner with the time as parameter. In this paper we bridge the gap between these different probabilistic scenarios by constructing the space jump processes by means of space-time diffusions. We give some aplications to the nonrelativistic limit of the hamiltonian semigroup t→exp−(t/¬h)H where H=√−c 2 ¬h 2 Δ+(M 2 c 4 /¬h 2 )−Mc 2 +V(.) Il y a deux descriptions stochastiques de la mecanique quantique relativiste pour une particule sans spin. Dans la premiere, suggere par la theorie de Feynman, les ingredients principaux sont des diffusions dans l'espace de Minkowski parametrise par une sorte de temps propre. La deuxieme description, par contre, emploie des processus de Markov a sauts donnant la position de la particule dans l'espace au sens de Newton et Wigner avec le temps comme parametre. Notre papier va relier les deux prescriptions probabilistes car nous construisons les processus a sauts dans l'espace par les diffusions dans l'espace-temps. Nous donnons aussi des applications a l'etude de la limite non relativiste du semi-groupe hamiltonien t→exp−(t/¬h)H ou H=√−c 2 ¬h 2 Δ+(M 2 c 4 /¬h 2 )−Mc 2 +V(.)