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Специфика взаимодействий в атоме водорода и зависимость скорости электрона и постоянной Планка от температуры

И. И. Чуев

Published Jan 1, 2014• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

A quantitative analysis of the forces acting between the electron and proton in a hydrogen atom, and given their theoretical justification. A new interpretation of the first Bohr's postulate. On the basis of this equation is obtained for calculating constant (quantum mechanical factor) Planck. Quantified and its dependence on the temperature and velocity of the electron. Evaluated the frequency of electron transitions and the value of the ionization energy of the hydrogen atom.

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A quantitative analysis of the forces acting between the electron and proton in a hydrogen atom, and given their theoretical justification. A new interpretation of the first Bohr's postulate. On the basis of this equation is obtained for calculating constant (quantum mechanical factor) Planck. Quantified and its dependence on the temperature and velocity of the electron. Evaluated the frequency of electron transitions and the value of the ionization energy of the hydrogen atom.
Используя результаты численного решения уравнения Дирака для электрона в 1S-состоянии в атоме водорода с учетом моделирования экспоненциального распределения заряда протона, уточняется предложенная ранее квазиклассическая интерпретация движения электрона вдоль радиальной линии непосредственно через ядро. Using the results of a numerical solution of the Dirac equation for an electron in the 1S state in a hydrogen atom, taking into account the modeling of the exponential distribution of the proton charge, the previously proposed quasiclassical interpretation of the motion of an electron along a radial line directly through the nucleus is refined.
В общем контексте проблемы недооценки социально-гуманитарной мысли профессионалами различных областей науки и техники обсуждается пример интерпретации квантовой механики. Аргументирована перспектива формирования этой интерпретации с учетом квантовой концепции целостности как особенного воплощения рационального холизма.
The most simple atom is hydrogen consisting of a positive proton at the center, and one negative electron swarming around it. While the proton is concentrated at the center, the electron swarms in a pattern that depends on its total energy, and its angular momentum. In the lowest energy state of the hydrogen atom, the shape of the pattern is simply a sphere, but in higher energy states the pattern resembles a dumbbell, or a three-dimensional cloverleaf. For atoms with more than one electron, each electron has its own pattern, or state. The fundamental postulate that determines the behavior of atomic electrons is that of de Broglie (1924). This states that an electron of mass, m , and velocity, υ, and therefore with momentum, p = m υ, has a wavelength, λ, associated with it that is given by λ = h / p , where h is Planck's constant. If T = m υ 2 / 2 is the kinetic energy, then the expression for the wavelength can also be written λ = hm / 2 T , so the wavelength depends inversely on the kinetic energy. Thus short wavelengths mean high energies and vice versa. Initially, this seemed to be a rather arbitrary proposal, but it has been verified by many, and differing, experiments, and has led to vast numbers of quantitatively precise interpretations of phenomena.
Abstract Only Coulomb force is considered in Bohr model. It is found that electron in ground state hydrogen atom is also affected by Lorentz force of the same magnitude. Under the combined action of Coulomb force and Lorentz force, the radius of hydrogen atom is twice that of Bohr, and the rotation frequency of electron is half that of Bohr. The "half frequency" problem of Bohr's theory is solved, and the quantization result of the energy level of hydrogen atom is obtained by using the standing wave condition of quantum mechanics. The mechanism and details of photon absorption by hydrogen atom are analyzed and explained, and the physical meaning of Planck constant is explained.