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New hydrogen atom model and radiation absorption mechanism

Xiao En Wang

Published Jul 6, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Only Coulomb force is considered in Bohr model. It is found that electron in ground state hydrogen atom is also affected by Lorentz force of the same magnitude. Under the combined action of Coulomb force and Lorentz force, the radius of hydrogen atom is twice that of Bohr, and the rotation frequency of electron is half that of Bohr. The "half frequency" problem of Bohr's theory is solved, and the quantization result of the energy level of hydrogen atom is obtained by using the standing wave condition of quantum mechanics. The mechanism and details of photon absorption by hydrogen atom are analyzed and explained, and the physical meaning of Planck constant is explained.

DOI
10.21203/rs.3.rs-584713/v2

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Abstract Only Coulomb force is considered in Bohr model. It is found that electron in ground state hydrogen atom is also affected by Lorentz force of the same magnitude. Under the combined action of Coulomb force and Lorentz force, the radius of hydrogen atom is twice that of Bohr, and the rotation frequency of electron is half that of Bohr. The "half frequency" problem of Bohr's theory is solved, and the quantization result of the energy level of hydrogen atom is obtained by using the standing wave condition of quantum mechanics. The mechanism and details of photon absorption by hydrogen atom are analyzed and explained, and the physical meaning of Planck constant is explained.
Abstract Only Coulomb force is considered in Bohr model. It is found that electron in ground state hydrogen atom is also affected by Lorentz force of the same magnitude. Under the combined action of Coulomb force and Lorentz force, the radius of hydrogen atom is twice that of Bohr, and the rotation frequency of electron is half that of Bohr. The "half frequency" problem of Bohr's theory is solved, and the quantization result of the energy level of hydrogen atom is obtained by using the standing wave condition of quantum mechanics. The mechanism and details of photon absorption by hydrogen atom are analyzed and explained, and the physical meaning of Planck constant is explained.
Bohr ignored the electromagnetic interaction of moving charges in atoms and only considered Coulomb forces, thus encountering half frequency difficulties. This article considers the Lorentz force to make the classical Bohr model consistent with modern quantum theory, uses de Broglie's standing wave principle instead of Bohr's quantization assumption, derives the energy level formula for hydrogen atoms, and explains the radiation mechanism of hydrogen atomic spectra. The hydrogen atom in a spectral tube emits a photon wave train during one free path, and the wavelength of the photon is the eigen wavelength of its wave train. The head wavelength of the wave train is four thirds of its eigen wavelength, and the tail wavelength of the wave train is two-thirds of its eigen wavelength.
In his doctoral thesis in 1911, Bohr reached the conclusion that at thermal equilibrium metal atom has no magnetic effect. Therefore, when establishing the hydrogen atom model in 1913, he did not consider the Lorentz force, but only the Coulomb force. The radius of the hydrogen atom he obtained is half smaller, and the orbital rotation frequency is twice larger. It must be multiplied by 1/2 to be consistent with the value of the Rydberg experiment. He proposed to calculate the photon frequency by using the average value of the zero frequency of infinite quantum number and the basic frequency, but it is not applicable to the energy levels for the ordinary quantum numbers, and later he called it the correspondence principle. In our modified Bohr model, we eliminate and solve Bohr's half frequency problem; The photon energy is equal to the difference between the two energy levels, and the photon frequency is equal to the difference between the two rotation frequencies of the electron; All excited states of hydrogen atom are elliptical orbits, and the nucleus is located in the center of the ellipse; The microscopic model of photonic structure is established, and the microscopic mechanism of atomic luminescence and quantum entanglement is given.
This chapter illustrates Niels Bohr's ideas in some detail. In the formulation of his model, Bohr assumed that the electron in the hydrogen atom moves under the influence of the Coulomb attraction between it and the positively charged nucleus, as assumed in classical mechanics. The Bohr model was very successful in explaining the discrete atomic spectra of one-electron atoms. The Bohr model is, of course, a theoretical model of an atom. Using Bohr's quantization postulate, find the linear velocity of the electron's sphere. To find the radius of the orbit, Bohr postulated that the angular momentum of the electron is quantized, i.e., it can only take values that are integer multiples of ħ. The chapter begins with considering the classical equation of motion for the electron in a circular orbit, which is based on Newton's laws of motion and Coulomb's law of electric force.
This chapter considers Schrodinger's model of hydrogen atom and analyzes in details the quantum wave mechanics approach to the motion of the electron in the hydrogen atom. The stationary Schrodinger equation is not easy to solve as it stands, and the whole problem looks rather complicated when expressed in terms of Cartesian coordinates. An essential difference between Bohr's and Schrodinger's models is that there are three quantum numbers, n , l , m , rather than the one number n describing a state of the electron. Moreover, in Bohr's model the atom is, at each instant, in one and only one energy state, that is., at each instant, the state of the atom is definite, but according to Schrodinger's model, the atom can exist in a superposition of states. In other words, the atom can be simultaneously in more than one energy state at a given instant. This is clearly incompatible with Bohr's model.