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Journal of Low Temperature Physics

Experimental Evidence for a New State in 2D Bose Gas: Quasi-Condensation in Atomic Hydrogen

A. I. Safonov, Sergey A. Vasilyev, Igor Stanislavovich Yasnikov, I. I. Lukashevich, S. Jaakkola

Published Nov 1, 1998• 8 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1023/a:1022521910889

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The experimental observation of Bose-Einstein condensation in gas of rubidium atoms in 1995 had huge impact on the physics community with reports of a new state of matter making newspaper headlines all over the world. By comparison, it was in relative obscurity that Simo Jaakkola and his group at the University of Turku in Finland, in collaboration with researchers at the Kurchatov Institute in Moscow, recently observed the two-dimensional analogue of the effect (A I Safonov et al. 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 4545). Jaakkola observed two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensation (2D BEG) in gas of specially prepared hydrogen atoms adsorbed on the surface of liquid helium. In Bose-Einstein condensation all the particles in system collapse into single quantum state that has many unusual and novel properties.
Under normal circumstances a gas of atomic hydrogen (H) is highly unstable with respect to recombination to molecular hydrogen, H2. We have succeeded in stabilizing a gas of spin polarised hydrogen (H↓) at T = 300 mK in magnetic fields up to 10 Tesla in a superfluid helium coated cell. Densities of at least 1016atoms/cc have already been achieved. H is found to have a surprisingly long life even in zero magnetic field. Evidence points to H↓ remaining in the gaseous form and not liquifying or condensing out on the surfaces to any large extent. The crucial experimental techniques used to stabilize H↓ will be discussed as well as some of the observed properties and expectations of this new Bose gas.