Physical Review Letters

Resonant Multiphoton Ionization of a Cesium Atomic Beam by a Tunable-Wavelength Q -Switched Neodymium-Glass Laser

Bernard Held, G. Mainfray, C. Manus, J. Morellec, F. Sanchez

Published Mar 5, 1973• 64 citations

Abstract

The narrow spectral bandwith (0.4 \AA{}) of a Nd-glass laser was tuned over a range of 40 \AA{} to populate selectively the $6f$ level of cesium atoms. The resulting variation of the multiphoton ionization probability was investigated as a function of the laser wavelength.

DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.30.423

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Physical Review Letters

Resonant Multiphoton Ionization of a Cesium Atomic Beam by a Tunable-Wavelength Q -Switched Neodymium-Glass Laser

Bernard Held, G. Mainfray, C. Manus, J. Morellec, F. Sanchez

Published Mar 5, 1973• 64 citations

Publisher

Abstract

The narrow spectral bandwith (0.4 \AA{}) of a Nd-glass laser was tuned over a range of 40 \AA{} to populate selectively the

6f

level of cesium atoms. The resulting variation of the multiphoton ionization probability was investigated as a function of the laser wavelength.

DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.30.423

Related papers

Molecular Cesium Component in Multiphoton Ionization of a Cesium Atomic Beam by a Q -Switched Neodymium-Glass Laser at 1.06 μm

Bernard Held, G. Mainfray, C. Manus +1 more

In the interaction of a $Q$ -switched Nd-glass laser radiation with cesium vapor, the molecular cesium component seems to play an important role in the multiphoton ionization process at low laser intensity.In the interaction of a $Q$-switched Nd-glass laser radiation with cesium vapor, the molecular cesium component seems to play an important role in the multiphoton ionization process at low laser intensity.

Physical Review LettersJan 17, 197238 citations

Resonance shifts in the multiphoton ionization of cesium atoms

J. Morellec, Didier Normand, G. Petite

This work reports the multiphoton ionization of cesium atoms, via resonance with the $6F$ level, by interaction with a single transverse and longitudinal mode neodymium-glass laser beam. At a low rate of ion production, when the laser frequency is tuned through resonance, the laser intensity necessary to create a constant number of ions passes through a minimum, as expected, for a three-photon energy equal to the unperturbed $6S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6F$ transition energy. But for a higher ionization rate, involving larger laser intensities, a departure from expectation is observed which is interpreted as a consequence of an energy shift of the transition. The level shifts are demonstrated in another way by their strong effect on the experimental order of nonlinearity of the interaction, ${K}_{\mathrm{expt}}$ . A sharp variation of ${K}_{\mathrm{expt}}$ is observed when the energy shift of the $6S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6F$ transition exactly compensates the wavelength detuning of the laser. The latter method gives shift values which are found to be independent of the large variations of the interaction volume under conditions of resonance. Both methods give a linear dependence of the shifts on the laser intensity. Identification of these shifts with energy shifts of the $6S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6F$ transition is subject to theoretical reservations and needs further experimentation.This work reports the multiphoton ionization of cesium atoms, via resonance with the $6F$ level, by interaction with a single transverse and longitudinal mode neodymium-glass laser beam. At a low rate of ion production, when the laser frequency is tuned through resonance, the laser intensity necessary to create a constant number of ions passes through a minimum, as expected, for a three-photon energy equal to the unperturbed $6S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6F$ transition energy. But for a higher ionization rate, involving larger laser intensities, a departure from expectation is observed which is interpreted as a consequence of an energy shift of the transition. The level shifts are demonstrated in another way by their strong effect on the experimental order of nonlinearity of the interaction, ${K}_{\mathrm{expt}}$. A sharp variation of ${K}_{\mathrm{expt}}$ is observed when the energy shift of the $6S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6F$ transition exactly compensates the wavelength detuning of the laser. The latter method gives shift values which are found to be independent of the large variations of the interaction volume under conditions of resonance. Both methods give a linear dependence of the shifts on the laser intensity. Identification of these shifts with energy shifts of the $6S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6F$ transition is subject to theoretical reservations and needs further experimentation.

Physical Review AJul 1, 1976107 citations

Resonant multiphoton ionization of a cesium atomic beam by a tunable wavelength Q-switched neodymium laser

J. Morellec

Phenomena in Ionized Gases, Ninth International ConferenceJan 1, 19730 citations

Resonant multiphoton ionization of a caesium atomic beam by a tunable wavelength Q-switched neodymium laser

VacuumApr 1, 19750 citations

Experimental multiphoton ionization of cesium atoms through the 9D 3/2 resonant level

G. Brincourt

Journal de Physique LettresJan 1, 19773 citations

Multiphoton excitation and ionization of atomic cesium with a tunable dye laser

D. Popescu, C. B. Collins, B. W. Johnson +1 more

The two-photon excitation and three-photon ionization of atomic cesium is investigated over the 6550-6950-\AA{} wavelength region with a tunable-dye-laser source having a 0.06-0.08-\AA{} linewidth and a space-charge ionization detector sensitive to a few ions per second. An online data-acquisition computer provides significant signal-to-noise recovery. The resulting dispersion curve for photoionization is interpreted in terms of the two-photon transitions from the ground $6^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}$ level to resonant $n^{2}D$ and $n^{2}S$ intermediate states, and represents, to the authors' knowledge, the first such two-photon absorption spectrum of Cs. Transitions from $n=9\mathrm{to}13$ have been recorded for the $6^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{-}n^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2},\frac{3}{2}}$ series and from $n=11\mathrm{to}14$ for the $6^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{-}n^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}$ series.The two-photon excitation and three-photon ionization of atomic cesium is investigated over the 6550-6950-\AA{} wavelength region with a tunable-dye-laser source having a 0.06-0.08-\AA{} linewidth and a space-charge ionization detector sensitive to a few ions per second. An online data-acquisition computer provides significant signal-to-noise recovery. The resulting dispersion curve for photoionization is interpreted in terms of the two-photon transitions from the ground $6^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}$ level to resonant $n^{2}D$ and $n^{2}S$ intermediate states, and represents, to the authors' knowledge, the first such two-photon absorption spectrum of Cs. Transitions from $n=9\mathrm{to}13$ have been recorded for the $6^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{-}n^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2},\frac{3}{2}}$ series and from $n=11\mathrm{to}14$ for the $6^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{-}n^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}$ series.

Physical Review AMar 1, 197470 citations

The narrow spectral bandwith (0.4 \AA{}) of a Nd-glass laser was tuned over a range of 40 \AA{} to populate selectively the

6f

level of cesium atoms. The resulting variation of the multiphoton ionization probability was investigated as a function of the laser wavelength.

In the interaction of a

Q

-switched Nd-glass laser radiation with cesium vapor, the molecular cesium component seems to play an important role in the multiphoton ionization process at low laser intensity.

This work reports the multiphoton ionization of cesium atoms, via resonance with the

6F

level, by interaction with a single transverse and longitudinal mode neodymium-glass laser beam. At a low rate of ion production, when the laser frequency is tuned through resonance, the laser intensity necessary to create a constant number of ions passes through a minimum, as expected, for a three-photon energy equal to the unperturbed $6S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6F$ transition energy. But for a higher ionization rate, involving larger laser intensities, a departure from expectation is observed which is interpreted as a consequence of an energy shift of the transition. The level shifts are demonstrated in another way by their strong effect on the experimental order of nonlinearity of the interaction,

{K}_{\mathrm{expt}}

. A sharp variation of

{K}_{\mathrm{expt}}

is observed when the energy shift of the $6S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6F$ transition exactly compensates the wavelength detuning of the laser. The latter method gives shift values which are found to be independent of the large variations of the interaction volume under conditions of resonance. Both methods give a linear dependence of the shifts on the laser intensity. Identification of these shifts with energy shifts of the $6S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6F$ transition is subject to theoretical reservations and needs further experimentation.

6^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}

level to resonant

n^{2}D

and

n^{2}S

intermediate states, and represents, to the authors' knowledge, the first such two-photon absorption spectrum of Cs. Transitions from

n=9\mathrm{to}13

have been recorded for the $6^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{-}n^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2},\frac{3}{2}}$ series and from

n=11\mathrm{to}14

for the $6^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{-}n^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}$ series.