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Acta Physica Sinica

Fano resonance spectroscopy and EIT cooling of a single cesium atom in an optical dipole trap

LV Xin, TIAN Zhuangzhuang, Haobo Chang, ZHANG Pengfei, LI Gang, Tiancai ZHANG

Published Nov 2, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.7498/aps.76.20261255

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We investigate single-cesium-atom heating owing to the momentum accumulation process induced by the resonant pulsed excitation in a microscopic optical dipole trap formed by a strongly focused 1064-nm laser beam. The heating depends on the trap frequency, which restricts the maximum repetition rate of the pulsed excitation. We experimentally verify the heating of a single atom and then demonstrate how to suppress it with an optimized pulsed excitation and cooling method. The typical trap lifetime of a single cesium atom is extended from $108\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}6\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$ to $2536\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}31\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ms}$, and the corresponding number of excitations increases from $\ensuremath{\sim}108$ to $\ensuremath{\sim}360\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}000$. In applying this faster cooling method, we use the trapped single cesium atom as a triggered single-photon source at an excitation repetition rate of 10 MHz. The second-order intensity correlations of the emitted single photons are characterized by implementing a Hanbury Brown and Twiss setup, and a clear antibunching effect has been observed.
In our experiment, a single cesium atom prepared in a large-magnetic-gradient magneto-optical trap (MOT) can be efficiently transferred into a 1064-nm far-off-resonance microscopic optical dipole trap (FORT). The efficient transfer of the single atom between the two traps is used to determine the trapping lifetime and the effective temperature of the single atom in FORT. The typical trapping lifetime has been improved from ∼ 6.9 s to ∼ 130 s by decreasing the background pressure from ∼ 1 × 10 −10 Torr to ∼ 2 × 10 −11 Torr and applying one-shot 10-ms laser cooling phase. We also theoretically investigate the dependence of trapping lifetimes of a single atom in a FORT on trap parameters based on the FORT beam’s intensity noise induced heating. Numerical simulations show that the heating depends on the FORT beam’s waist size and the trap depth. The trapping time can be predicted based on effective temperature measurement of a single atom in the FORT and the intensity noise spectra of the FORT beam. These experimental results are found to be in agreement with the predictions of the heating model.