Regulatory Sandboxes for Quantum: The Indian Perspective

Ashley Smith

Hasiba Roosan, Fahmida Hai, Hasibul Haque Khan

Sangam Jadhav, Vanishri Hundekar, Prasad Kulkarni +1 more

Portfolio optimization under realistic constraints represents a computationally intensive problem for classical financial models, particularly in volatile and high-dimensional markets such as India.Conventional mean-variance approaches become NP-hard when integer, cardinality, and regulatory constraints are incorporated.This paper investigates the applicability of quantum computing techniques for constrained portfolio optimization in the Indian financial context.The study analyzes quantum annealing and gate-based variational algorithms, including the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) and Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE), with emphasis on Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) formulations.In addition, quantum amplitude estimation methods are examined for accelerating financial risk metrics such as Value-at-Risk and Conditional Value-at-Risk.Empirical results derived from thematic and regression analyses indicate that perceived computational advantage and organizational readiness significantly influence adoption intent, while quantum-related security risks act as a moderating factor.The findings suggest that hybrid classical-quantum architectures provide a practical pathway during the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum era.The paper concludes that early-stage quantum adoption, combined with post-quantum cryptographic preparedness, can enhance portfolio efficiency and risk governance for Indian institutional investors

Fadi Farra, Christopher A. Pissarides

Santosh Baburao Talaghatti

Quantum sensors use quantum properties of atoms, ions, spins or light to measure physical quantities — magnetic fields, time, temperature, rotation — with very high sensitivity. Several of these sensors are now moving from physics laboratories into biomedical research, most visibly in wearable magnetoencephalography based on optically pumped magnetometers and in nanoscale sensing using nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond. For India, which combines a large disease burden, uneven access to advanced diagnostics and a new national commitment to quantum technologies, quantum sensing raises a practical question: which applications could reach patients, and what would it take? This paper reviews the main classes of quantum sensors relevant to health, assesses their technology readiness, and identifies application areas that fit Indian health-system needs, including neurological diagnostics, cardiac monitoring and point-of-care testing. It then proposes a five-stage translational pathway — from need definition to health-system adoption — and highlights enablers that Indian institutions would need: clinical partnerships, regulatory pathways for novel devices, affordable shielding and engineering, health technology assessment and skills. The paper is a perspective and does not report experimental results or describe any proprietary device.

Mike Hatcher