Field-Theoretic Explanation of Wave-Particle Duality—Unification of Particle Locality and the Wave Nature of the Perturbation Field This paper provides a physical explanation of the most central puzzle in quantum mechanics—wave-particle duality—without relying on "probability-amplitude collapse" or "nonlocal entanglement." This theory divides all matter in the universe into Nie-matter entities (massive, Staticity) and Ji-matter entities (massless, Dynamicity), and maintains that quantum objects (electrons, neutrons, etc.) are always localized Nie-matter entity particles. Their "wave behavior" originates from the particle's local perturbation of the Ji-matter field that already fills space during motion—the perturbation propagates in the form of a wave, produces an interference field when passing through the double slits, and the interference field in turn guides the particle's landing position. The particle always passes through only one slit, while the field passes through both slits simultaneously; interference is the behavior of the field, not the behavior of the particle. This mechanism naturally explains double-slit interference, the coexistence of neutron collisions and wave behavior, the disturbance of interference fringes by observation devices, and the variation of interference contrast with source offset and slit spacing. This paper further gives three falsifiable predictions: P6-1 (a decisive distinction between device field-strength disturbance and which-path information disturbance), P6-2A (the disturbance effect varies continuously with field strength), and P6-2B (an argument for the explanatory power of double-slit interference contrast—naturally derived from one mechanism vs. jointly explained by four independent concepts). Compared with mainstream theory, this theory does not need "wavefunction collapse," does not need "nonlocality," and does not need "many worlds"—it only needs to acknowledge: particles are localized, the field fills space, and the motion of particles is guided by the local field gradient.
Field-Theoretic Explanation of Wave-Particle Duality—Unification of Particle Locality and the Wave Nature of the Perturbation Field This paper provides a physical explanation of the most central puzzle in quantum mechanics—wave-particle duality—without relying on "probability-amplitude collapse" or "nonlocal entanglement." This theory divides all matter in the universe into Nie-matter entities (massive, Staticity) and Ji-matter entities (massless, Dynamicity), and maintains that quantum objects (electrons, neutrons, etc.) are always localized Nie-matter entity particles. Their "wave behavior" originates from the particle's local perturbation of the Ji-matter field that already fills space during motion—the perturbation propagates in the form of a wave, produces an interference field when passing through the double slits, and the interference field in turn guides the particle's landing position. The particle always passes through only one slit, while the field passes through both slits simultaneously; interference is the behavior of the field, not the behavior of the particle. This mechanism naturally explains double-slit interference, the coexistence of neutron collisions and wave behavior, the disturbance of interference fringes by observation devices, and the variation of interference contrast with source offset and slit spacing. This paper further gives three falsifiable predictions: P6-1 (a decisive distinction between device field-strength disturbance and which-path information disturbance), P6-2A (the disturbance effect varies continuously with field strength), and P6-2B (an argument for the explanatory power of double-slit interference contrast—naturally derived from one mechanism vs. jointly explained by four independent concepts). Compared with mainstream theory, this theory does not need "wavefunction collapse," does not need "nonlocality," and does not need "many worlds"—it only needs to acknowledge: particles are localized, the field fills space, and the motion of particles is guided by the local field gradient.
Abstract The double-slit experiment is a classic experiment that presents the clearest manifestation of wave-particle duality, one of the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics. The double-slit experiment still remains the phenomenon that demonstrates wave-particle duality at the most fundamental level. This phenomenon quantitatively and conceptually demonstrates that microscopic objects can behave like both waves and particles at the same time. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the physical nature of dualism, the mechanism of formation of the interference pattern, and the impact of the act of observation on the dynamics of quantum systems. The need for a new perspective on this topic is due to the fact that the current uncertainty in the interpretation of quantum reality has not yet been completely eliminated, and the boundaries between classical and quantum behavior in microscopic objects are still being explored. The results presented here restructure the deep mechanisms of the interference picture, more clearly frame the relationship between observation and wavefunction collapse, and provide a quantum. Since the article attempts to provide a complete answer to the mechanism of the formation of wave-particle duality, extensive space is given to sections such as historical development, theoretical models, modern research, etc. New approaches to this phenomenon have been developed using modern research and string theory. As a result, a new mathematical expression has been proposed that explains the reasons for the initial emergence of wave-particle duality, and is also important for string theory. The article explains the measurement problem with a more effective physical structure and ontological model.
The double-slit experiment has stood for a century as the paradigmatic demonstration of quantum superposition: the standard interpretation holds that a particle passes through both slits simultaneously, existing in a superposition of two spatially separated states. This paper proposes a physically distinct alternative: the particle's matter wave — a real physical wave propagating through space in accordance with de Broglie's relation λ = h/p — passes through both slits, while the particle itself (matter) remains in an undetermined state until a constructive interference maximum is formed at the detection screen. The particle does not simultaneously occupy two locations; the wave does. This distinction eliminates the need for superposition as an ontological commitment while fully reproducing the observed interference pattern. We further show that the disappearance of the interference pattern upon which-path measurement is explained without invoking wavefunction collapse: the measurement interaction redirects the matter wave to a single-slit geometry, eliminating the two-wave interference condition. Three experimentally testable predictions distinguish this framework from the standard interpretation: (1) weak-measurement trajectory reconstruction should reveal single particle paths inconsistent with simultaneous two-slit passage; (2) diffraction fringe spacing should depend on the mass density of the slit material, because denser slit edges generate a steeper refractive-index gradient for the matter wave; (3) the fringe pattern should exhibit a density-dependent phase shift measurable with current matter-wave interferometry technology. This reinterpretation requires no new mathematical formalism — the Schrödinger equation and Born's rule are retained — but replaces the ontological claim of simultaneous multi-location existence with the physically consistent picture of matter-wave propagation through an undetermined-state particle.
Abstract Quantum interference is often seen as a manifestation of intrinsic wave–particle duality, invoking self-interference and wavefunction superposition. We propose an alternative causal framework where interference arises from interactions between a classical electron and a quantized electromagnetic field. Electrons follow definite, localized trajectories and yield discrete detection events. The wave-like interference pattern emerges statistically from stochastic, nonlocal momentum transfers mediated by quantized field modes. Simulations of double-slit experiments show that dot-like fringes arise without wavefunction collapse or intrinsic wave behavior. Doubling the electron mass narrows fringe spacing in line with de Broglie scaling, suggesting the effective wavelength results dynamically from field coupling, not as an inherent particle trait. This interpretation preserves classical realism while reproducing quantum interference as an emergent, ensemble-level phenomenon. It provides a deterministic account grounded in structured field interactions. In this view, wave–particle duality of electrons reflects the wave nature of photons—the massless U(1) gauge bosons mediating the field—rather than being a fundamental property of matter.
The double-slit experiment stands as the cornerstone of quantum mysticism, often interpreted as evidence for particles existing in multiple places simultaneously or consciousness collapsing reality. Within the Absolute Medium (AM) Model, this experiment ceases to be a probabilistic paradox and becomes a deterministic, fluid-dynamic interaction between a moving excitation and the universal energetic net. We demonstrate that what standard physics calls “wave-particle duality” is actually “core-wake duality”: a localized topological defect (the core) moving through an ultra-dense elastic substrate generates a physical wave field (the wake) that interferes, guiding the core along paths of least resistance. All variations of the experiment— which-way measurements, delayed choice, quantum eraser—receive mechanical explanations grounded in the medium’s properties. This framework eliminates the need for superposition, wavefunction collapse, or observer-created reality, replacing them with the coherent dynamics of a continuous medium.
Quantum mechanics is characterized by several distinctive features: (1) wave–particle duality, (2) the uncertainty principle, (3) superposition of states, (4) wave function collapse, (5) the tunneling effect, (6) quantum entanglement, and (7) the dominance of probability. Proposed interpretations include the Copenhagen interpretation, the de Broglie–Bohm pilot-wave theory, and the many-worlds interpretation. Despite sustained debate, no unified consensus has emerged. A central obstacle may lie in the unresolved ambiguity over whether a quantum entity is fundamentally a wave or a particle. Although photons and electrons exhibit wave-like and particle-like properties, the concepts of “wave” and “particle” are inherently mutually exclusive. This paper proposes that the true nature of a quantum is a quantized wave interacting at a single spatial point. Based on this premise, the study investigates the vacuum structure and interactions, together with the relationship between wave function collapse and the conservation of physical quantities. The mechanisms underlying the photoelectric effect and quantum tunneling are reexamined, along with the double-slit and delayed-choice quantum eraser experiments. By treating photons and electrons as quantized waves confined to point interactions, this work demonstrates that puzzling quantum behaviors, long considered obstacles to a coherent understanding of quantum mechanics, admit straightforward explanations.
This paper presents a finite, regulator-based resolution of wave–particle duality, showing that quantum duality is not a fundamental paradox but a natural consequence of domain separation. Within the Dual Regulator Framework, wave behavior is shown to arise exclusively in the virtual domain (momentum space, off-shell propagation), regulated by the finite invariant Λφ=ln(φ2),\Lambda_\varphi = \ln(\varphi^2),Λφ=ln(φ2), while particle behavior arises exclusively in the real domain (position space, on-shell detection), regulated by the Resolution Gap RG=ln(φ)/ln(π).\mathrm{RG} = \ln(\varphi)/\ln(\pi).RG=ln(φ)/ln(π). The double-slit experiment is reinterpreted as a virtual-domain interference process followed by a real-domain localization event. Which-path detection is shown to force a premature virtual-to-real transition, preventing interference from forming. Partial which-path information produces a quantitative reduction in visibility governed by a finite exponential law. The framework yields explicit, testable predictions with zero adjustable parameters, including: a φ-harmonic correction to interference fringe spacing, a sharp detector-coupling threshold for which-path information, an exact functional form for visibility–distinguishability relations, and scale-dependent corrections for matter-wave interferometry (electrons, neutrons, molecules). All results derive solely from the Trinity constants {π, φ, e}. Complementarity is shown to be a consequence of domain incompatibility, not a primitive principle. Wave–particle duality dissolves into a physically interpretable, observer-independent mechanism. This paper forms Paper II in a planned sequence addressing foundational inconsistencies in quantum field theory, following the finite resolution of the measurement problem.