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Optics & Laser Technology

Photo-generated charge-driven reconfigurable physical unclonable function for high-speed true random number generation

Ruijie Hui, Feiliang Chen, Haonian Fang, Mo Li, Jian Zhang

Published Oct 14, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.116684

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True random number generators (TRNGs) are the fundamental building blocks for encryption. Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) prepared based on stochastic processes, with the advantages of being impossible to imitate and tamper with, are a new source for generating high-quality random numbers. However, most proposed PUFs form a fixed structure after preparation; the as-generated random number sequence is thus fixed. In this article, a reconfigurable optical PUF/TRNG is fabricated by utilizing the phase change properties of the disordered Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 (GST) nanocrystalline film. By heating and holding the GST film, its crystallization ratio can be manipulated, generating multiple sets of uncorrelated speckle patterns, which can be converted into multiple random arrays by binary digitization. The random array was verified to have good randomness by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) randomness test and the DIEHARD(ER) test suites. The proposed true random number generator can be used as a secret key to complete authentication or encryption with high security and high stability.
The main problems with existing hardware random number generators today are either low speed and/or prohibitively high cost.The physical concept and test results of sample data of the high-speed hardware true random number generator design based Hamamatsu MPPC photo sensor are shown.Main features of this concept are the high speed of the true random numbers generation (tens of Mbt/s), miniature size and estimated lower production cost.This allows the use of such a device not only in large companies and government offices but for the end-user data cryptography, in classrooms, in scientific Monte-Carlo simulations, computer games and any other place where large number of true random numbers is required.The physics of the operations principle of using a Geiger-mode avalanche photo detector is briefly discussed and the high quality of the data collected is demonstrated.