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The MEEF Model-Based Explanation of Quantum Entanglement and Bell Correlations as Shared Confinement

Mohammad Reza Movahed Shariat Panahi

Published Oct 14, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper offers a confinement-based account of quantum entanglement based on the Movahed Energy Escape Factor (MEEF) model: two entangled particles share a single confinement state, so their correlations reflect shared phase-locking rather than superluminal signalling. The treatment is set against Bell's theorem and the experimental violation of Bell inequalities, and it is shown how the framework reproduces the observed correlations without transmitting information faster than light.

DOI
10.5281/zenodo.23353161

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This paper offers a confinement-based account of quantum entanglement based on the Movahed Energy Escape Factor (MEEF) model: two entangled particles share a single confinement state, so their correlations reflect shared phase-locking rather than superluminal signalling. The treatment is set against Bell's theorem and the experimental violation of Bell inequalities, and it is shown how the framework reproduces the observed correlations without transmitting information faster than light.
We discuss models that attempt to provide an explanation for the violation of Bell inequalities at a distance in terms of hidden influences.These models reproduce the quantum correlations in most situations, but are restricted to produce local correlations in some configurations.The argument presented in (Bancal et al.Nat Phys 8:867, 2012) applies to all of these models, which can thus be proved to allow for faster-than-light communication.In other words, the signalling character of these models cannot remain hidden.
Quantum entanglement is experimentally established yet conceptually unsettled. While standard quantum mechanics accurately predicts non-classical correlations and Bell-inequality violations, it remains largely silent on the ontological structure that makes such correlations possible. This paper presents a constraint-based interpretation of entanglement in which correlated outcomes arise from shared formation conditions rather than from particle-to-particle influence or superluminal signalling. The approach preserves all empirical predictions of quantum theory, respects relativistic causality, and reframes entanglement as a structural feature established at creation rather than an interaction occurring at measurement. The work establishes priority for an ontological mechanism underlying entanglement while remaining fully consistent with long-baseline, satellite-scale, and laboratory quantum experiments.
A model for two entangled systems in an EPR setting is shown to reproduce the quantum-mechanical outcomes and expectation values. Each system is represented by a small sphere containing a point-like particle embedded in a field. A quantum state appears as an equivalence class of several possible particle-field configurations. Contrarily to Bell-type hidden variables models, the fields account for the non-commutative aspects of the measurements and deny the simultaneous reality of incompatible physical quantities, thereby allowing to escape EPR's completeness or locality dilemma.
Bell's theorem asserts that no local hidden variable theory can explain the predictions of quantum theory in an experiment where spacelike separated measurements are performed in distant laboratories. Loophole-free Bell tests performed in the last decade demonstrate Bell nonlocality as a property of Nature. However, the amount of nonlocality allowed in quantum theory is limited, compared to the sole restriction of no-signaling, meaning the impossibility of faster-than-light communication implied by special relativity. Information causality is a physical principle that generalizes no-signaling and is satisfied by quantum theory. It is based on the idea that shared quantum entanglement cannot enable a receiver to obtain more classical information than how much was sent by a distant sender. Remarkably, the principle was shown to imply the maximal quantum bound for the violation of the most well-known Bell inequality. The aim of this thesis is to widen our understanding of information causality and compare its predictions with other known outer approximations of the quantum set of correlations. We build upon the recent realization that most of the known consequences of information causality can be derived with a single copy of the shared systems, whereas before it was thought that many copies were necessary. We develop a novel optimization framework which bounds the possible violations of information causality by other sets of correlations, allowing us to certify when violations are not possible. We generalize the statement of information causality and reach a precise definition for the set of correlations satisfying this principle. We show that when searching for violations of information causality by physical theories, considering many copies is not necessary. Our aforementioned optimization framework approximates the information causality set from the outside. Conversely, we propose a different approach which allows us to approximate this set from the inside.
A model for two entangled systems in an EPR setting is shown to reproduce the quantum-mechanical outcomes and expectation values. Each system is represented by a small sphere containing a point-like particle embedded in a field. A quantum state appears as an equivalence class of several possible particle-field configurations. Contrarily to Bell-type hidden variables models, the fields account for the non-commutative aspects of the measurements and deny the simultaneous reality of incompatible physical quantities, thereby allowing to escape EPR's "completeness or locality" dilemma.
Abstract This work presents an interpretation of the phenomenon of quantum entanglement within the framework of the Topological Model of Physics (MTF). It is proposed that correlations between particles can be described in terms of a shared global phase or structure, defined at the common origin of the particles in the system. This phase does not determine pre-existing values of observables, but rather acts as a common geometric or topological constraint that is preserved during separation, whose projection in each measurement depends on the experimental context. In this approach, such a phase does not require dynamical evolution during the separation of the particles, and therefore the observed correlations need not be interpreted in terms of action at a distance at the moment of measurement. This proposal is related to the original formulation of the EPR paradox, as well as to the restrictions imposed by Bell’s inequalities and their experimental verifications, particularly in the works of Alain Aspect and CHSH. In this framework, the notion of “spooky action at a distance” is considered unnecessary as an explanatory element, since correlations are interpreted as the manifestation of a structure shared from the origin. A form of state or structural realism is preserved, but not a classical realism of pre-existing values; furthermore, there is no signal transmission and the limit imposed by the speed of light is respected. In standard quantum theory, when a property of an entangled particle is measured, the collapse of the wave function common to both particles occurs. Therefore, the value of the property measured in one of them determines the value of that same property in the other. The theory is fully verified experimentally, but it does not explicitly state the physical mechanism underlying this result. The aim of this presentation is to offer a physical interpretation of an underlying mechanism.