This paper proposes the first quantum computer architecture and operating system designed under the BT-PEC (Primitive Topological Energy-Causality) theoretical framework. Traditional quantum computing systems treat qubits as passive computing resources, while the BT-PEC architecture regards the whole quantum computer as an open quantum living system governed by topological deviation dynamics. The four BT-PEC axioms — B (Basis), T (Flux), P (Coupling), EC (Energy-Causality Closed Loop) — are mapped to hardware modules and operating system subsystems respectively. The quantum processing unit adopts a topological-logical double-layer structure, using Majorana zero modes as the physical basis and surface code for logical encoding. A coherent flux injection bus transports negative-entropy energy from the environment to quantum states. The entanglement routing network implements P coupling gate scheduling. Decoherence sensor arrays and real-time quantum error correction decoders form the EC closed loop. At the operating system level, BT-PEC/OS introduces an Ω-aware scheduler, which takes the quantum topological residual order parameter Ω_Q = T − ΔPEC as the system health indicator to drive process scheduling, resource allocation and exception handling. When Ω_Q > 0.05, tasks are executed with the highest priority; when |Ω_Q| ≤ 0.05, the system triggers automatic protection including enhanced error correction, state migration and load reduction; when Ω_Q < −0.05, the system terminates low-priority tasks and recycles quantum states. This paper presents the complete hardware architecture, kernel structure, system call interface, memory management scheme, exception handling mechanism, boot sequence and dedicated quantum programming language BPL. Comparative analysis shows that the BT-PEC architecture outperforms traditional quantum computers in self-sustainability, fault tolerance and resource efficiency. This research lays the foundation for life-state quantum computing and opens a new paradigm integrating computation and life evolution.
This paper proposes the first quantum computer architecture and operating system designed under the BT-PEC (Primitive Topological Energy-Causality) theoretical framework. Traditional quantum computing systems treat qubits as passive computing resources, while the BT-PEC architecture regards the whole quantum computer as an open quantum living system governed by topological deviation dynamics. The four BT-PEC axioms — B (Basis), T (Flux), P (Coupling), EC (Energy-Causality Closed Loop) — are mapped to hardware modules and operating system subsystems respectively. The quantum processing unit adopts a topological-logical double-layer structure, using Majorana zero modes as the physical basis and surface code for logical encoding. A coherent flux injection bus transports negative-entropy energy from the environment to quantum states. The entanglement routing network implements P coupling gate scheduling. Decoherence sensor arrays and real-time quantum error correction decoders form the EC closed loop. At the operating system level, BT-PEC/OS introduces an Ω-aware scheduler, which takes the quantum topological residual order parameter Ω_Q = T − ΔPEC as the system health indicator to drive process scheduling, resource allocation and exception handling. When Ω_Q > 0.05, tasks are executed with the highest priority; when |Ω_Q| ≤ 0.05, the system triggers automatic protection including enhanced error correction, state migration and load reduction; when Ω_Q < −0.05, the system terminates low-priority tasks and recycles quantum states. This paper presents the complete hardware architecture, kernel structure, system call interface, memory management scheme, exception handling mechanism, boot sequence and dedicated quantum programming language BPL. Comparative analysis shows that the BT-PEC architecture outperforms traditional quantum computers in self-sustainability, fault tolerance and resource efficiency. This research lays the foundation for life-state quantum computing and opens a new paradigm integrating computation and life evolution.
This paper proposes the BT-PEC full-stack computing framework to address the challenge that traditional static resource scheduling and fixed error correction strategies fail to adapt to time-varying noise and dynamic decoherence of coherent resources in the NISQ era for open quantum systems. The framework includes a quantum living-state architecture, a quantum operating system, and a unified programming language system, with falsifiable engineering predictions and simulation verification schemes. Four core operators are defined: the B basis operator representing underlying hardware quantum resources; the T transition operator describing coherent energy input and quantum state evolution; the P power consumption operator for resource and energy costs from gate operations and entanglement generation; and the EC entropy-causal closure operator implementing error correction, feedback compensation and causal recording constraints. A global steady-state order parameter Ω=tr(BT)−tr(PEC) is introduced. Three system phases are classified by threshold ϵ=0.05: survival state (Ω_Q>0.05), critical state (|Ω_Q|≤0.05), and extinction state (Ω_Q<−0.05). The Lindblad master equation is adopted to model open quantum system dynamics, combined with an exponential fidelity decay model and binary information entropy proxy function. The phase transition critical decoherence parameter γ_c≈0.42 is obtained from simulation, which is only valid within this model and not a universal physical constant. The full-stack hardware-software co-design consists of a topology-logic two-layer quantum hardware architecture, the BT-PEC/OS quantum operating system kernel with Ω_Q-aware task scheduling, and Omega-IR intermediate representation together with a multi-paradigm unified programming language. The FEA cross-language adaptation layer enables compatibility with Python, C++ and other programming environments. Numerical simulations are implemented on QuTiP with five controlled repeatable experiments. Eight quantifiable, falsifiable engineering predictions are presented with explicit falsification criteria. Limitations of the model are clarified: γ_c is simulation-specific; BT and PEC operator matrices need instantiation for individual hardware; Omega-IR currently only has semantic specifications without a production-grade compiler and virtual machine; performance advantages are validated only by numerical simulation pending physical quantum hardware tests; causal chain integrity under high concurrency remains an engineering challenge. The BT-PEC framework unifies quantum hardware, operating system and compilation system under one steady-state evaluation system, offering a verifiable engineering theoretical model for hardware-software co-design of quantum computers under dynamic NISQ noise environments. Future work includes completing the Omega-IR compiler, scaling up simulations, and preparing validation experiments on small-scale physical quantum processors.
This preprint presents a quantum artificial life model built upon the BT‑PEC topological ternary coupling theory. The model adopts a two-qubit open quantum system, and introduces quantum topological residual Ω_Q as the core order parameter to judge the survival, critical and extinction states of quantum living units. Parameter scanning simulations are carried out to locate the decoherence phase transition point γ_c=0.42. Three testable theoretical predictions are put forward. The source simulation code and raw numerical results are attached in the appendix. This research establishes a new topological framework for quantum artificial life and quantum biology.
Quantum computers are often treated as experimental add-ons that are loosely coupled to classical infrastructure through high-level interpreted languages and cloud-like orchestration. However, future deployments in both, high-performance computing (HPC) and embedded environments, will demand tighter integration for lower latencies, stronger determinism, and architectural consistency, as well as to implement error correction and other tasks that require tight quantum-classical interaction as generically as possible. We propose a vertically integrated quantum systems architecture that treats quantum accelerators and processing units as peripheral system components. A central element is the Quantum Abstraction Layer (QAL) at operating system kernel level. It aims at real-time, low-latency, and high-throughput interaction between quantum and classical resources, as well as robust low-level quantum operations scheduling and generic resource management. It can serve as blueprint for orchestration of lowlevel computational components “around” a QPU (and inside a quantum computer), and across different modalities. We present first results towards such an integrated architecture, including a virtual QPU model based on QEMU. The architecture is validated through functional emulation on three base architectures (x86_64, ARM64, and RISC-V), and timingaccurate FPGA-based simulations. This allows for a realistic evaluation of hybrid system performance and quantum advantage scenarios. Our work lays the ground for a system-level co-design methodology tailored for the next generation of quantum-classical computing.
Fault tolerance is an indispensable prerequisite for constructing large-scale universal quantum computers. Drawing philosophies from classical computer architecture, this paper presents a hardware-agnostic three-layer high-level architectural framework for generic fault-tolerant quantum computation. Guided by the real execution workflows of fault-tolerant quantum algorithms, the proposed model is decoupled from specific physical qubit hardware platforms and quantum error correction codes, serving as a universal abstract standard rather than a platform-specific implementation scheme. Special attention is devoted to the intermediate Fault-Tolerance Layer, which serves as the architectural bridge between application-level logical programs and hardware-level execution. We systematically characterize its five internal components, the interfaces and data exchanged among them, and the execution, correction, and adaptation paths that together enable logical synthesis, fault-tolerant resources management, decoding, and runtime fault-tolerant control. An end-to-end example is further provided to illustrate the full-stack operating pipeline of fault-tolerant quantum algorithms under this framework. Given the increasing emphasis on modular, heterogeneous, and cross-layer fault-tolerant quantum systems, our architecture provides a unified foundational model for organizing such designs.
Within the theoretical framework of BT-PEC (Berry-Taro Private Entanglement Cosmology, Berry-Taro Private Cross-Key Theory), this paper takes the Berry-Taro Private Cross-Key formula as the sole axiomatic starting point. Relying on three inherent native properties of BT-PEC: single anchor, dual vision, and continuous evolution without breakpoint, rigorous algebraic derivation is performed for the tripartite coupled quantum state of anchor-medium information-observable privacy in Hilbert space, yielding the core trace difference identity of the system Ω=tr(BT)−tr(PEC)=0. Under physical premises of finite measurement precision, Bekenstein gravitational entropy bound and mutual independence of three degrees of freedom, all physically distinguishable quantum states of the BT-PEC system can be embedded into the 3-dimensional integer lattice Z^3. Closed topological orbits are generated via orientation-preserving automorphism of the SL(3,Z) unimodular group. Persistent homology analysis gives the stable topological invariants of the system: b0=1, b1=3, b2=1, χ=−1. Based on the above axiomatic system and topological structure, four intrinsic ontological features of the BT-PEC system are strictly derived: non-disclosable, non-replicable, non-tamperable, and indestructible. An N+1-layer nested topological security architecture is constructed on the quotient space Z^3/SL(3,Z). An endogenous gradient backreaction perturbation response mechanism and orbital steady-state dynamic equilibrium mechanism are established. The self-evolution iteration rule and local structure emergence mechanism of the BT-PEC system under global topological conservation are illustrated. This paper strictly distinguishes pure algebraic axiomatic theorems and physically conditional inferences, and establishes a complete system of falsifiability criteria, providing a novel axiom-topology integrated theoretical model for complex quantum information systems, topological protection systems and self-evolving dynamical systems.
Inspired by the ideas of quantum physics, quantum computing is a modern computational paradigm. It is one of the rapidly growing areas in computer science, mathematics, and physics. It has high speed and efficiency by making use of phenomena such as superposition, entanglement, and interference, allowing new possibilities in areas like cryptography, machine learning, and complex system simulations. Even though it has great potential, quantum computing also suffers from resource management and task scheduling issues, system design due to the differences in the foundational basis between classical and quantum computing. This study reviews the architecture and workflow of QOS (quantum operating system), emphasizing the integration of quantum and classical resources. In this study, elements such as quantum resource management, automatic qubit calibration, quantum program compilation, and hybrid task scheduling are investigated. The present study also looks at innovative architectures such as quantum FPGAs, x86-based quantum systems, and distributed quantum systems, which provide advanced quantum computations while being compatible with classical systems. The findings of this paper reveal how QOS improves fidelity, resource utilization, and task scheduling. We have also explored key quantum algorithms such as Grover’s and Shor’s algorithms, highlighting their potential in NP-hard problems[1], quantum machine learning, and optimization challenges. This research addresses the transformative power of QOS in solving real problems in computation, providing robust solutions in the management and programming of quantum resources. This research advances the development of future quantum computing systems by evaluating existing designs and suggesting improvements in task scheduling, qubit accuracy, and quantum algorithm performance. The findings in this paper seek to contribute to the advancement of understanding of QOS and inspire innovation in several fields.