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Real-time quantum phase distillation via undetected light

Josue Ricardo Leon Torres, Patrick Hendra, Yugant Mukeshbhai Hadiyal, Christopher Spiess, Fabian Steinlechner, Frank Setzpfandt, Markus Gräfe, Valerio Flavio Gili

Published Jan 1, 2026• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate real-time amplitude and phase imaging in noisy environments through off-axis holography with undetected light. Our method recovers object information in real time, up to noise levels twenty times higher than the signal.

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Quantum imaging with undetected light has recently emerged as a technique in which quantum correlations and nonlinear interferometry are combined to decouple illumination and detection paths. This approach has been more recently extended and combined with digital phase-shifting holography and off-axis holography to extract both the amplitude and phase information of a sample relying on single-photon interference. Despite these advantages, implementing the technique in real-world scenarios where the observed system is subject to environmental noise and dynamic variations remains challenging. The primary limitation lies in the inability of quantum imaging systems to retrieve object information in real time under high-noise conditions. Here, we experimentally demonstrate real-time amplitude and phase imaging in noisy environments, building upon our previous implementation of quantum off-axis holography. Our results demonstrate real-time imaging at acquisition rates up to 4~Hz, even when the noise level exceeds the signal by an order of magnitude.
ABSTRACT Quantum imaging with undetected light has recently emerged as a technique in which quantum correlations and nonlinear interferometry are combined to decouple illumination and detection paths. This approach has been more recently extended and combined with digital phase‐shifting holography and off‐axis holography to extract both the amplitude and phase information of a sample relying on single‐photon interference. Despite these advantages, implementing the technique in real‐world scenarios where the observed system is subject to environmental noise and dynamic variations remains challenging. The primary limitation lies in the inability of quantum imaging systems to retrieve object information in real time under high‐noise conditions. Here, real‐time amplitude and phase imaging in noisy environments is experimentally demonstrated, building upon our previous implementation of quantum off‐axis holography. Our results demonstrate real‐time imaging at acquisition rates up to 4 Hz, even when the noise level exceeds the signal by an order of magnitude.
Quantum imaging with undetected light (QIUL) can retrieve amplitude and phase information of an object by exploiting the quantum correlations of photon-pairs generated through spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC), where the illumination and detection can be carried at very distinct wavelength ranges. This fact allows to benefit from a mature detection technology in the visible spectral range, while probing the object at a more exotic wavelength. Here we experimentally implement a QIUL approach with Fourier off-axis holography in a hybrid-type induced-coherence non-linear interferometer. Our approach reconstructs the amplitude and phase information of an object with a single shot in a wide-field configuration, being an alternative in front of techniques that require multiple acquisition frames, such as phase-shifting holography.
This work presents synthetic off-axis quantum holography with undetected light, a novel approach to obtain holographic information with a single acquisition. Holography is a vital tool for imaging [1] but is mainly limited to the visible range caused by the availability of efficient detectors. Interesting applications, like identifying molecular signatures and analyzing material properties are excluded, particularly those requiring detection in regions outside the visible spectra of light, for example the mid-infrared [2]. Quantum holography with undetected light (QHUL) was presented in 2022 [3] to give access to these harder-to-detect wavelength regions. However, it is required to do multiple acquisitions to reconstruct the amplitude and phase, preventing the usage in dynamic processes.