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Acta Physica Sinica

Research Progress in Quantum Precision Measurement of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Color Centers

BAI Jing, Chengmei Sun, WANG Tianke, Cheng Zhong, WANG Junfeng

Published Oct 8, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

作为广泛使用的二维材料，六方氮化硼在凝聚态物理、量子器件等领域研究中发挥着重要作用。近年来，基于六方氮化硼色心的量子精密测量技术受到了广泛的关注——这类固态量子传感器具备微米级空间分辨率、高探测灵敏度以及优异的原位探测能力，尤其适用于量子器件的微区物性测量研究.本文系统梳理了六方氮化硼中典型色心结构，包括负电硼空位色心和碳相关色心的制备工艺与物理特性；并以二维磁性材料磁成像、温度传感、应变测量及高压原位压力探测为例，介绍了六方氮化硼色心在多物理量精密测量中的研究进展.本文还讨论了通过光子学结构增强、自旋操控序列优化、同位素纯化等方法进一步提高六方氮化硼色心传感性能的方案，以期为二维材料色心量子精密测量技术的发展和应用提供参考.

DOI
10.7498/aps.76.20261142

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作为广泛使用的二维材料，六方氮化硼在凝聚态物理、量子器件等领域研究中发挥着重要作用。近年来，基于六方氮化硼色心的量子精密测量技术受到了广泛的关注——这类固态量子传感器具备微米级空间分辨率、高探测灵敏度以及优异的原位探测能力，尤其适用于量子器件的微区物性测量研究.本文系统梳理了六方氮化硼中典型色心结构，包括负电硼空位色心和碳相关色心的制备工艺与物理特性；并以二维磁性材料磁成像、温度传感、应变测量及高压原位压力探测为例，介绍了六方氮化硼色心在多物理量精密测量中的研究进展.本文还讨论了通过光子学结构增强、自旋操控序列优化、同位素纯化等方法进一步提高六方氮化硼色心传感性能的方案，以期为二维材料色心量子精密测量技术的发展和应用提供参考.
高压科学已成为探索物质在极端条件下新物态、新现象的核心前沿领域之一.高压环境中，磁场、压强等物理量的原位探测，对揭示物质在极端条件下的行为具有重要意义.然而，传统高压磁探测技术普遍面临空间分辨率低、灵敏度差、难以实现原位磁探测等难题.近年来，基于金刚石NV色心、碳化硅硅空位/双空位色心及六方氮化硼色心等的固态量子传感器，所构建的高压量子精密测量技术，凭借微米级空间分辨率、高灵敏度与优异的原位探测能力，为高压科学研究提供了创新性技术手段.本文系统总结了高压极端条件对上述固态色心光学、自旋性质的影响，并以磁性材料的高压磁相变探测、超导材料的迈斯纳效应测量为例，介绍了基于固态色心高压下原位磁探测研究进展.该综述旨在为未来基于固态色心高压下量子精密测量的发展提供一定的技术路线指引.
Abstract We propose an electromechanical scheme where the electronic degrees of freedom of boron vacancy color centers hosted by a hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanoribbon are coupled for quantum information processing. The mutual coupling of color centers is provided via their coupling to the mechanical motion of the ribbon, which in turn stems from the local strain. The coupling strengths are computed by performing ab initio calculations. The density functional theory results for boron vacancy centers on boron nitride monolayers reveal a huge strain susceptibility. In our analysis, we take into account the effect of all flexural modes and show that despite the thermal noise introduced through the vibrations one can achieve steady-state entanglement between two and more number of qubits that survives even at room temperature. Moreover, the entanglement is robust against mis-positioning of the color centers. The effective coupling of color centers is engineered by positioning them in the proper positions. Hence, one is able to tailor stationary graph states. Furthermore, we study the quantum simulation of the Dicke–Ising model and show that the phonon non-equilibrium phase transition occurs even for a finite number of color centers. Given the steady-state nature of the proposed scheme and accessibility of the electronic states through optical fields, our work paves the way for the realization of steady-state quantum information processing with color centers in hBN membranes.
Hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPPs) in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) confine mid-infrared light to deep-subwavelength scales and may offer a powerful route to strong light-matter interactions. Generation and control of HPPs are typically accessed using classical near-field probes, which limits experiments at the quantum level.A complementary frontier in hBN research focuses on color centers: bright, stable, atomically localized emitters that have rapidly emerged as a promising platform for solid-state quantum optics. Here we establish a key connection between these two directions by developing a cavity-QED framework in which a single hBN color center serves as a quantum source of HPPs. We quantify the emitter-HPP interaction and analyze two generation schemes. The first is spontaneous emission into the phonon sideband, which can produce single-HPP events and, in ultrathin slabs, becomes single-mode with an enhanced decay rate. The second is a stimulated Raman process that provides frequency selectivity, tunable conversion rate, and narrowband excitation. This drive launches spatially confined, ray-like HPPs that propagate over micrometer distances. We also outline a two-emitter correlation measurement that can directly test the single-polariton character of these emissions. By connecting color-center quantum optics with hyperbolic polaritonics, our approach enables quantum emitters to act as on-chip quantum sources and controls for HPPs, while HPPs provide long-range channels that couple spatially separated emitters. Together, these capabilities point to a new direction for mid-infrared photonic experiments that unite strong coupling, spectral selectivity, and spatial reach within a single material system.
光谱测量与成像技术的进步，已成为生命科学与材料科学研究中的关键表征手段。然而，在针对光学响应微弱的样品（如低维材料、活体细胞等）进行实际观测时，高功率激发光往往引入显著经典噪声，并造成不可忽视的光致损伤，从而限制了光学测量的信噪比与应用范围。在此背景下，具备特殊量子统计特性的非经典光源（如纠缠光与压缩光）为实现超越经典极限的信噪比提升提供了极具潜力的解决方案。本文聚焦于量子增强光谱与成像领域，系统梳理了基于纠缠光与压缩光两类重要量子光源的最新研究进展。纠缠光凭借光子间的量子关联特性，在关联成像、非探测光子成像及超快干涉测量等应用中展现出卓越的抗噪声能力；而压缩光则通过压缩光场噪声，在位移传感、等离激元探测及非线性显微成像等方面显著提升了探测灵敏度与信噪比。本文进一步系统阐述了量子光源在提高信噪比、降低光致损伤、提升时间分辨率以及增强非线性转换效率等方面的独特优势，并分析了当前制约量子成像技术实用化的关键挑战，包括光源亮度低，系统损耗大等问题。最后，对该领域未来的发展方向进行了展望。
超冷原子量子模拟是当前物理学一个重要的前沿研究方向. 它利用超冷原子量子性能优越、相互作用可调等优势, 针对特定重要物理模型开展量子模拟研究, 取得令人瞩目的成果. 近年来, 通过等效维度概念的引入, 量子模拟的范畴被大大拓展, 不再局限于实空间. 超冷原子和等效维度的结合, 可构建高度可编辑的通用量子模拟平台. 超冷原子动量晶格量子模拟就是其中具有代表性的研究方向, 它使用原子的外态(动量态)作为等效维度, 充分利用超冷原子动量分布高度集中、相干时间长的优势, 构建了单格点高度可调的格点模型, 在拓扑物理、局域化效应、非厄米物理等领域取得重要研究进展, 成为一个广受关注的平台体系. 本文对近年来动量晶格研究进展进行综述, 梳理其技术发展脉络, 讨论其物理研究内涵, 并展望了未来发展方向.
Cooperative phenomena stemming from radiation-field-mediated coupling between individual quantum emitters are presently attracting broad interest for on-chip photonic quantum memories and long-range entanglement. Common to these applications is the generation of electromagnetic modes over macroscopic distances. Much research, however, is still needed before such systems can be deployed in the form of practical devices, starting with the investigation of alternate physical platforms. Quantum emitters in two-dimensional (2D) systems provide an intriguing route because these materials can be adapted to arbitrarily shaped substrates to form hybrid systems where emitters are near-field-coupled to suitable optical modes. Here, we report a scalable coupling method allowing color center ensembles in a van der Waals material - hexagonal boron nitride - to couple to a delocalized high quality plasmonic surface lattice resonance. This type of architecture is promising for photonic applications, especially given the ability of the hexagonal boron nitride emitters to operate as single-photon sources at room temperature.