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偏光依存性を利用した赤外吸収型ダイヤモンド量子磁気センサの開発

文野 未輝人, 直太 関口, 眞榮 力, 宮川 仁, Takashi Taniguchi, 寺地 徳之, 阿部　浩之, 小野田　忍, 大島 武, 波多野睦子, 岩崎 孝之

Published Sep 8, 2026• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

ダイヤモンドNV中心を用いた従来の蛍光型磁気センサは、集光系による小型化の制限が課題であった。本研究では準安定一重項の赤外吸収と直線偏光二色性を利用し、透過光の偏光回転を測定する磁場計測手法を提案する。本手法は大きな集光系が不要でセンサの小型化が期待できる。実験の結果、レーザー強度ノイズを効果的に低減し、光ショットノイズ限界に近い81 pT Hz⁻¹/²の磁場感度を達成した。

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•Oct 28, 2025•0 citations
ダイヤモンドNV中心を用いた従来の蛍光型磁気センサは、集光系による小型化の制限が課題であった。本研究では準安定一重項の赤外吸収と直線偏光二色性を利用し、透過光の偏光回転を測定する磁場計測手法を提案する。本手法は大きな集光系が不要でセンサの小型化が期待できる。実験の結果、レーザー強度ノイズを効果的に低減し、光ショットノイズ限界に近い81 pT Hz⁻¹/²の磁場感度を達成した。
The nitrogen–vacancy center in diamond enables highly sensitive magnetic-field measurements. In this work, we demonstrate an excellent sensitivity of 7.9 pT·Hz –1/2 in the near-DC range of 1 to 1000 Hz. This performance is achieved using a 35 mW laser power and 1 mW microwave power enabled by 561 nm laser excitation and the resonant-antenna design. By leveraging dual resonance with intrinsic π shift for real-time common-mode rejection, this technique effectively suppresses low-frequency noise and pushes the 1/ f corner frequency down to 1 Hz, with a measured sensitivity at 1 Hz of 10.6 pT·Hz –1/2 . The magnetometer also exhibits excellent capability in detecting magnetic anomalies, promoting the practical use of diamond quantum sensors in biomedical, geophysical, and other real-world applications.
We describe the development of a simple atomic magnetometer using 87 Rb vapour suitable for monitoring Earth's magnetic field. The magnetometer is based on time-domain determination of the transient precession frequency of the atomic alignment around the measured field. A sensitivity of 1.5 nT Hz −1/2 is demonstrated by the measurement of the Earth's magnetic field in the laboratory, while for a simulated Earth field inside a magnetic shield a 130 pT Hz −1/2 sensitivity was attained. We discuss the various parameters determining the magnetometer precision and accuracy and predict a sensitivity of 30 pT Hz −1/2 .
This thesis presents advancements in radio-frequency atomic magnetometry utilising cold atoms as sensors. While cold atom magnetometers demonstrate lower absolute sensitivity compared to conventional vapour cell systems due to reduced atom numbers, they offer exceptional spatial resolution at the micrometre scale. The experimental apparatus features a cold atom production system capable of reaching quantum degeneracy through a refined cooling sequence that involves optical molasses, magnetic trapping and evaporation, and optical evaporative cooling in the dipole trap, culminating in a 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensate. This work details the development and characterisation of magnetometer set-ups with progressively enhanced performance. The first magnetometer utilised atoms in the optical molasses phase as a sensor, achieving an AC sensitivity of 330 pT/√Hz with approximately 108 atoms at 20 μK. Comprehensive magnetometry optimisation methods were developed to enhance sensitivity. Following laboratory interruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, system rebuilding incorporated significant upgrades, including a new probe laser and gradient compensation systems. The improved magnetometer prototype achieved a substantially enhanced sensitivity of 0.72±0.33 pT/√Hz, approaching the fundamental sensitivity limit of the system. Using atoms in the magnetic trap as a sensor, a sensitivity of 1.85 pT/√Hz was demonstrated. The system was verified to be photon-shot noise limited. Investigations into a double-pass probe configuration showed that, while the measured sensitivity was similar to that of the single-pass (4.3 pT/√Hz compared to 3.1 pT/√Hz at a probe power of 6.4 μW measured at the detector), the rotation angle increased by a factor of 2.2, with significantly reduced noise levels. These findings suggest that multi-pass strategies hold promise for enhanced performance in future implementations. In addition, the first signal detection from a BEC magnetometer, achieving 4.5 nT/√Hz with only 95,000 atoms at 35 nK was demonstrated.