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International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering

Quantum Key Distribution Protocol for Knapsack Cryptosystem

Partha Sarathi Goswami, Tamal Chakraborty, Abir Chattopadhyay

Published Nov 26, 2025• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The major threat in data communication in present day is security. To reduce the threat caused in the communication channel quantum cryptography is emerging as a replacement to its classical counterpart. This paper focuses on a quantum key distribution protocol for the knapsack cryptosystem using a one-way trapdoor function by qubit rotation. The protocol exploits a qubit in superposition state for a single bit message communication. The security of the protocol is owing to the fact that any random quantum state cannot be replicated.

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The major threat in data communication in present day is security. To reduce the threat caused in the communication channel quantum cryptography is emerging as a replacement to its classical counterpart. This paper focuses on a quantum key distribution protocol for the knapsack cryptosystem using a one-way trapdoor function by qubit rotation. The protocol exploits a qubit in superposition state for a single bit message communication. The security of the protocol is owing to the fact that any random quantum state cannot be replicated.
Quantum cryptography has of late opened up the possibilities of exploiting the characteristics of quantum mechanics in the realm of network security. An interesting problem in cryptography is the distribution of the encryption key between the two parties involved in communication. This paper proposes a secure quantum key distribution protocol using the properties of super increasing knapsack sequences. The mapping from the knapsack sequences to the quantum states is achieved by rotating a three-bit quantum tuple.
Quantum cryptography is based on quantum mechanics to guarantee secure communication.It allows two parties to produce a shared random bit string known only to them.These random bits can be used as a key to encrypt and decrypt messages.The most important and unique property of quantum cryptography is the ability of the two communicating users to detect the presence of any third party trying to gain knowledge of the key.It is based on fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics.By using quantum entanglement or quantum super positions and transmitting information in quantum states, a communication system can be implemented which detects eavesdropping.Quantum cryptography is used to produce and distribute a key, not to transmit any message data.This key along with certain encryption algorithm, is used to encrypt (and decrypt) a message, which can then be transmitted over a standard communication channel.This paper concentrates on comparison between classical and quantum cryptography as well as survey on various quantum key distribution protocols used to generate and distribute the key among communicating parties.
Data protection and information security have been the essence of communication in today's digital era. Authentication and secrecy of secure communication are achieved using key-based cryptographic primitives; the security of which significantly relies upon the underlying computationally complex mathematics. Moreover, these existing cryptographic primitives are considered to be non-deterministic on the basis of the existing computational capabilities. However, the considerable advancements in the development of quantum computers have significantly enhanced parallel computations; thereby, posing a great threat to these existing encryption primitives. Thus, in the future, the physical manifestation of a large successful quantum computer is likely to break all the existing public-key encryption algorithms in no time. This has led to a remarkable surge of interest in propelling quantum mechanics into existence; subsequently, leading cryptographers to research various viable domains to offer quantum-resistant secure communications. Resultantly, quantum cryptography/quantum key distribution has emerged as a futuristic replacement for classical cryptography as it offers unconditionally secure communication along with the inherent detection of any unintended user. Thus, keeping in view the significance of this relatively newer domain of cryptography, this research focuses on presenting a consolidated review of the various Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols. A comparative analysis of the working mechanism of the prominent QKD protocols is presented along with an overview of the various emerging trends that have been proposed to optimize the implementational efficiency of the BB84 protocol.
In today's digital age, where cyber threats are escalating and data security is paramount, traditional cryptographic methods face significant challenges. Classic security systems, such as Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and SSL/TLS protocols, rely heavily on asymmetric cryptography to protect sensitive information. However, with the exponential growth of data and advancements in quantum computing, there is an increasing need for more robust encryption methods. This paper introduces a new decentralized multi-user quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol based on quantum superposition, which aims to address the limitations of current cryptographic systems. The protocol leverages quantum principles to enhance the security and efficiency of data transmission, overcoming the vulnerabilities exposed by potential quantum computing threats. The methodology of implementing this protocol, including the setup of quantum sources, detectors, and optical components, as well as the integration with classical communication channels are presented. The results demonstrate that the proposed QKD protocol not only achieves high accuracy and reliability but also scales effectively in network environments.
Secure communication plays a vital role now-a-days. Modern-day secure communication is made possible via cryptography. Modern cryptographic algorithms are based on the process of factoring large integers into their primes, as they are intractable. But the cryptography nowadays is vulnerable to technological advances in computing power like quantum computing and evolution in math to quickly reverse one-way functions like factorization of large integers. Incorporating quantum physics concepts into cryptography is the answer, which results in an assessment of quantum cryptography. A unique type of cryptography known as quantum cryptography makes advantage of quantum mechanics to provide complete protection against the transmitted message. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), a random binary key distribution used in quantum cryptography, enables communication participants to recognize unauthorized listeners. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is likely the most advanced quantum technology currently accessible with full stack systems already in use. This project’s goal is to develop secure and encrypted communication between the parties with the help of a web application using the BB84 protocol.
Security knowledge is one of the foremost challenges in the present day. When the topic is about Information security, the concept of cryptography comes into the picture. Every day, people and organizations use cryptography to maintain the confidentiality of their communications and data as well as to preserve their privacy. Today, one of the most successful methods used by businesses to protect their storage systems, whether at rest or in transit, is cryptography. Yet, cryptography is an effective technique to secure the data, the modern technology can break the cryptographic techniques. But some data encryption algorithms are several times stronger than today's conventional cryptography and can be constructed using quantum computing. They are "Quantum Cryptographic Algorithms ". Quantum cryptography uses the rules of quantum physics instead of classical encryption, which is based on mathematics, to protect and transmit data in a way that cannot be intercepted. Quantum key distribution is the greatest illustration of quantum cryptography and offers a safe solution to the key exchange issue. The proposed work deals with quantum cryptography and mainly focuses on how the quantum cryptographic algorithm is more secure than traditional cryptography.