The upheavals related to the quantic revolution have, among other effects, led to the consecration, in the community of physicists itself, of a profound partition as far as fundamental questions of the nature of reality and of the role of physics are concerned. In fact, while the quantum theory, experimentally speaking, can be perfectly trusted and allows correct predictions, the conception of nature which it proposes has raised a deep misunderstanding which, up to date, has not yet found a solution. This reflection examines and tries to understand the nature of such a conflict, since it looks curious that it creates an opposition among the physicists on the issue of quantum properties which are obviously strange, but which are also “scientifically” established, as the non-locality, and the technological fertility the evidences of which are getting numerous. It show that behind what can appear to be a useless controversy in regard to a theory and to established experimental “truths”, we find in fact the confrontation of two philosophical conceptions of the reality: “realism” and “phenomenism”. This confrontation suggest especially is that it is an illusion to defend a quantic theory as being philosophically speaking neutral; the question related to the nature of microphysical particles, and of reality in general, also bear a philosophical dimension, or even a metaphysical dimension to be more precise. In regard to this reason, responses which are just experimental or quantitative are not enough to answer these questions.
With the expansion of science, philosophy appeared to be limited more than ever on a methodology, a logical guide useful for correctness validation of scientific knowledge. Quantum mechanics makes for the first time an ontological background starting from its own ontological potential solidary with the basic axioms of its mathematic formalism. The article aims to review a series of new projects of contemporary philosophy which we called quantum metaphysics; both philosophical projects, among which we mention Ortophysics proposed by Mihai Draganescu. To complete the hermeneutic dimension we reinterpreted a series of contemporary scientific theories appreciating their cultural implications, either by juxtaposition or by contraposition with recurring ideas in the history of philosophy or religious beliefs.
Abstract : The “energization of reality” as a unifying framework for the debate among leading modern physicists regarding the description of reality in quantum mechanics. Indeed, for Einstein, the description of reality presented by quantum mechanics - which is based on Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle - is incomplete. For Bohr, however, the description of reality presented by quantum mechanics is complete, despite this uncertainty. For, according to the golden rule of quantum mechanics, there are no singularities, and the concept of distance is no longer useful. Keywords : Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr, the reality of quantum physics, philosophy.
This book deals with the 'crisis of objectivity' and the 'crisis of realism' which overtook physics when Heisenberg and Bohr consciously rejecting the intentionality-structure of classical physics, gave physics a new form and a new philosophy. The new physics was called quantum mechanics and the new philosophy was called complimentarity. Using the method 'analysis of horizons,' the author attempts to disentangle the epistemological and ontological pesuppositions of Heisenberg's view of complementarity. A similar analysis of Bohr's view of complimentarity reveals a remarkable contrast in basic philosophy between the two founders of quantum physics. The author distinguishes various kinds of objectivity and realism and discusses critically the different aspects of the crisis that emerges in the quantum theory of measurement, the indeterminacy relations and in the statistical and causal structure of quantum mechanics. Heisenberg's formulation of the crisis is reduced to the underlying presuppositions of his thought. These presuppositions are criticised and shown to be defective. A more nuanced epistemological analysis reveals that quantum mechanics answers in a specially beautiful way to the full exigencies of the human mind and its knowledge of concrete reality.
The quantum mechanics instituted a completely new mathematical language. This change in physics required physicists and philosophers to rethink the concepts by which reality could be represented, since classical notions were limited in the understanding of atomic phenomena. The French philosopher G. Bachelard and the German physicist W. Heisenberg are authors who have discussed the major changes that have occurred in physics and have dealt with the problem of language in quantum mechanics. In this article, the objective is to resort to the arguments of both authors to evidence relations between their ideas about the referred subject. It is noteworthy that Bachelard and Heisenberg criticize the application of the usual language and philosophical concepts of modernity in the new physics, but, through his notion of rupture, the French philosopher proposes that quantum mechanics be restricted to mathematical language. This idea runs counter to Bohr's principle of complementarity, which Heisenberg acknowledges in the understanding of quantum phenomena and an interpretation of quantum physics.