With the expansion of science, philosophy appeared to be limited more than ever on a methodology, a logical guide useful for correctness validation of scientific knowledge. Quantum mechanics makes for the first time an ontological background starting from its own ontological potential solidary with the basic axioms of its mathematic formalism. The article aims to review a series of new projects of contemporary philosophy which we called quantum metaphysics; both philosophical projects, among which we mention Ortophysics proposed by Mihai Draganescu. To complete the hermeneutic dimension we reinterpreted a series of contemporary scientific theories appreciating their cultural implications, either by juxtaposition or by contraposition with recurring ideas in the history of philosophy or religious beliefs.
With the expansion of science, philosophy appeared to be limited more than ever on a methodology, a logical guide useful for correctness validation of scientific knowledge. Quantum mechanics makes for the first time an ontological background starting from its own ontological potential solidary with the basic axioms of its mathematic formalism. The article aims to review a series of new projects of contemporary philosophy which we called quantum metaphysics; both philosophical projects, among which we mention Ortophysics proposed by Mihai Draganescu. To complete the hermeneutic dimension we reinterpreted a series of contemporary scientific theories appreciating their cultural implications, either by juxtaposition or by contraposition with recurring ideas in the history of philosophy or religious beliefs.
Recently, the dominant philosophical paradigm in Western social and political sciences has been criticized by a number of researchers and the necessity of transition to a new – quantum – transdisciplinary paradigm using ideas, concepts and formalism of quantum mechanics has been justified. The author argues that the need for such a transition is due to the fact that the dominant paradigm is based on outdated assumptions and premises of Modern philosophy, which really should be abandoned. It is quantum mechanics that contains the potential for a new philosophy. Classical mechanics had a significant impact on the development of philosophy, particularly on Kant’s critical philosophy, for which it served as the ideal of scientific knowledge. Today, a similar influence is exerted by quantum mechanics. Quantum ideas have also begun to be applied in the field of socio-political thought, particularly in the study of international relations, global politics, and global security. At the same time, the author argues that what many researchers take to be the “quantum paradigm” in the social and political sciences is in fact in many ways not so much an overcoming of the Modern paradigm as a postmodernist radicalization of it. In other words, the alternative they propose turns out to be a pseudo-quantum alternative. It is proposed the conceptual scheme of a contextual quantum realism as a genuine quantum alternative.
Quantum theory, particularly with its concepts of indeterminacy and superposition, demands of philosophers of science a profound review and a complete redefinition of the foundation of the notion of representation. This review has significant implications for assessing the Kantian heritage, especially for those among us who recognize the advances of the transcendental approach over realist and empiricist perspectives in epistemology. Kant endeavored to establish a foundation for the notion of representation consistent with the physics of his time. Today, as inheritors of Kant’s legacy in the philosophy of science, we face the challenge of establishing a new foundation for the idea of representation that aligns with the principles of contemporary science. In his Progress of Metaphysics, as well as in Religion Within the Boundaries of Mere Reason, Kant distinguishes between analogical (symbolic) schematism and real (transcendental) schematism. My aim in this work is to explore the notion of analogical schematism for evaluating the content of extra-empirical concepts in contemporary physical theories, where intuition proves to be intrinsically indeterminate.
Since the beginning of the XXI st century, there has been a process of intense convergence and interpenetration of two seemingly opposing sciences – quantum mechanics and psychology. In accordance with it, the question arises about a common methodological foundation for these sciences. The article shows that the “first philosophy” of Aristotle can serve as a general philosophical methodology for these sciences. In the context of the metaphysical triad necessarypossible-real, the “intersection points” of A. I. Mirakyan’s transcendental psychology and A. Yu. Sevalnikov’s interpretation of quantum mechanics. The article examines the features of the formation of a new direction in modern psychology, which studies the problem of mental phenomena generation. At the same time, a comparison is made with the transcendentalism of Descartes, in which its limitations and incompleteness are revealed. It is shown that both in transcendental psychology and in quantum mechanics (W. Heisenberg) epistemological problems arise associated with the impossibility of using the language of their classical predecessors. In both sciences, it becomes necessary to apply a new language, a new way of thinking and a new logic of understanding the phenomena under study. All this allows us to conclude that both in transcendental psychology and in quantum mechanics, researchers are dealing with a new ontology of reality that differs from the reality studied in classical physics and in the phenomenology of classical psychology. The article substantiates that the main methodological reason limiting the possibilities of carrying out theoretical studies of deeper layers of reality is the use of the product (physical) approach. The product approach is based on the language used to describe the observed reality. It became necessary to divide reality into observable and unobservable. In the language of metaphysics of modalities, this is translated as «being in possibility» and «being in reality.» One of the “intersection points” of quantum mechanics and transcendental psychology is the category ofpossibility, in which the essence of reality is expressed, which both disciplines compared in this article seek to describe and explain
The rupture established by quantum physics in relation to classical physics led to a redefinition of scientific objectivity, which has since relied on mathematical formalism for the knowledge of wave functions. This conception of a "weak objectivity" motivated Werner Heisenberg to resort to Plato's idealism to explain the internal constitution of the material world from geometric structures. However, faced with an idealist paradigm incompatible with modern science, Heisenberg conceived that Kant's philosophy would be the most acceptable reference for interpreting quantum phenomena within the empiricist limits of scientific research. This article presents Hegel's idealism of the absolute as a philosophical horizon for a possible overcoming of the rigidity of the Kantian limits, aiming at a metaphysical interpretation of quantum physics.