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Acta Physica Sinica

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering based on coherent feedback control system in all-optical correlated noise channel

Zhou Jin-rui, Zhai Shu-Qin, Liu Kui

Published Sep 18, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

子导引是介于量子纠缠和贝尔非局域性之间的一种特殊的量子关联，具有天然的不对称性。这种不对称性使得量子导引作为量子信息科学的基础资源，成为实现量子安全通信网络的关键。在连续变量量子信息过程中，相干反馈控制系统可以用于增强压缩和控制量子关联，从而提升信息的安全性和操控性。在实际量子通讯过程中，量子系统不可避免地会与外界环境发生退相干现象，同时还会受到信道噪声的干扰，为使受损的量子信息实现恢复并增强，本文提出基于相干反馈控制的全光关联噪声方案，系统研究了反馈能力、噪声、损耗、产生关联噪声的四波混频增益对量子导引的影响。研究发现，在全光关联噪声信道中，引入相干反馈能够有效提升量子导引的恢复能力。全光技术规避了电光转换环节，大幅扩展了工作带宽，为抑制退相干效应、优化量子信息处理中的噪声抑制策略以及发展全光反馈架构下的量子通信技术提供了重要的理论依据。

DOI
10.7498/aps.76.20260943

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子导引是介于量子纠缠和贝尔非局域性之间的一种特殊的量子关联，具有天然的不对称性。这种不对称性使得量子导引作为量子信息科学的基础资源，成为实现量子安全通信网络的关键。在连续变量量子信息过程中，相干反馈控制系统可以用于增强压缩和控制量子关联，从而提升信息的安全性和操控性。在实际量子通讯过程中，量子系统不可避免地会与外界环境发生退相干现象，同时还会受到信道噪声的干扰，为使受损的量子信息实现恢复并增强，本文提出基于相干反馈控制的全光关联噪声方案，系统研究了反馈能力、噪声、损耗、产生关联噪声的四波混频增益对量子导引的影响。研究发现，在全光关联噪声信道中，引入相干反馈能够有效提升量子导引的恢复能力。全光技术规避了电光转换环节，大幅扩展了工作带宽，为抑制退相干效应、优化量子信息处理中的噪声抑制策略以及发展全光反馈架构下的量子通信技术提供了重要的理论依据。
基于非测量的量子相干反馈控制系统不会引入额外的噪声, 可以用于稳定、操控和改善多种量子系统的性能. 利用相干反馈的方法可以操控非简并光学参量放大器, 在一定条件下能够增强其输出Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR)纠缠态光场的纠缠度. 相干反馈控制系统中的核心光学元件是控制耦合镜, 其透射率的选取直接影响反馈控制的效果. 本文针对控制耦合镜对偏振相互垂直的种子光场透射率不同的情况, 从理论上分析了该情况对相干反馈控制效果的影响, 得出相干反馈的正作用达到最佳时对控制镜透射率的要求, 理论分析与实验结果相吻合. 同时分析了相干反馈控制效果随其他物理参量的变化关系, 得出系统进一步优化的实验条件. 为今后相干反馈控制系统中物理参量的选择提供依据, 也为利用相干反馈操控更多的量子系统提供参考.
Abstract Quantum steering, also know as Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen steering, is a key resource in quantum information. It has significant application value for constructing secure quantum communication networks due to its unique asymmetric property. However, quantum steering is susceptible to decoherence. Decoherence occurs due to the interaction between a quantum system and its environment, and eventually leads to the reduction or even disappearance of steering. In this paper, we propose an all-optical correlated noise channel (ACNC) scheme based on four-wave mixing (FWM) processes, investigate the impact of noise in the channel and FWM gains on quantum steering characteristics as well as the capability of the ACNC to restore quantum steering. This scheme is achieved through optical nonlinear processes and avoids the electro-optic conversions and significantly expands the operational bandwidth. The research results show that the ACNC can effectively restore the damaged quantum steering. The range of one-way steering and genuine tripartite steering can be flexibly controlled by adjusting parameters. Moreover, the Gaussian steered monogamous relationships have also been verified. Our scheme provides new theoretical reference for constructing all-optical secure quantum networks.
We address a scheme to enhance the quantum correlations in cavity opto-magnomechanical system by using the coherent feedback loop in the presence of magnon squeezing. The proposed coherent feedback-control allows a significant enhancement of the entanglement of three bipartite subsystems, i.e., photon-phonon, photon-magnon and phonon-magnon. We also study the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering and one-way steering in the presence of thermal effects without imposing additional conditions of asymmetric losses or noises in the subsystems. Furthermore, we investigate the sensitiveness of the scheme to the magnon squeezing, and its performance in non-ideal situations in which losses and noises are taken into account.
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering, a distinct class of quantum correlation intermediate between entanglement and Bell nonlocality, exhibits unique asymmetry and directionality. EPR steering swapping, analogous to entanglement swapping, enables two initially independent particles to establish EPR steering correlations. Recent advances in all-optical entanglement and EPR steering swapping have overcome the limitation of mutual electro-optical conversions. However, for quantum information systems required in real-world applications, extending these capabilities to multimode regimes remains largely underexplored. Here, we propose an m -to- n multimode all-optical EPR steering swapping architecture based on energy-level-cascaded four-wave mixing processes. By harnessing fundamental light-atom interactions, we demonstrate scalable multimode EPR steering swapping and realize non-Hermitian control over dressing-induced coherent channels. Crucially, our multimode approach demonstrates distinctive, mode-dependent features of non-monotonicity and asymmetry, which are unattainable in conventional two-mode schemes. The flexible controllability afforded by such multimode quantum correlations also facilitates interfaces between non-Hermitian light-matter systems, paving the way for practical implementations of EPR steering and all-optical quantum networks.
量子相干性是量子理论的核心特征，与纠缠、复数结构及随机性理论紧密相关，具有重要应用价值。近年来，量子相干性被视作一种量子资源，并建立了系统的相干性度量框架，涌现出多种度量方法。这些相干性度量方法都依赖于量子态的精确表征和预先选定的参考基。本文指出，量子相干性可以在半设备无关场景下被观测到，这意味着除了二维量子系统外，无需再信任相关设备及预先选择参考基。我们首先建立了非相干源的严格数学定义，进而利用Gram矩阵的秩分析理论，构建了线性和非线性两类相干性见证方案。理论证明显示，该方法不仅能有效区分相干源与非相干源，还能进一步鉴别系统的底层结构特性，即判定系统属于经典系统、实数量子系统还是复数量子系统。特别地，我们证明了在最小测量资源下线性见证的可行性，并通过行列式见证提供了更完备的检测手段。本研究为量子相干性资源验证提供了新的理论工具，对量子设备认证和量子基础研究具有重要意义。