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Communications in computer and information science

A Quantum-Resistant Authentication Protocol for Power IoT Networks

Jinsong Hou, Jun Liu, Yu Wang, Rui Cheng, Hongyan Wang

Published Aug 2, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-981-95-9514-3_3

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Space information network (SIN), which has the characteristics of large capacity, high reliability, and wide coverage, can be effectively applied to the Internet of Things (IoT) business. However, SIN is vulnerable to various attacks due to its highly exposed links, and the power and processing capacity of satellites and IoT devices (IoTDs) are usually limited. Meanwhile, massive IoTDs connecting to SIN in an instant incur a severe signaling congestion and there is no authentication protocol proposed for massive IoTDs in SIN. In this article, we first propose a novel semi-aggregated signature mechanism and session key agreement mechanism. Then, based on the above two mechanisms, we propose a novel access authentication scheme named lattice-based access authentication (LAA) which contains two types of lattice-based authentication protocols: 1) LAA for massive IoTDs and 2) LAA for a single IoTD. The security analysis by employing the formal provable security analysis, the automation verification tool named Scyther, the Burrows-Abadi-Needham-logic, and the informal security analysis demonstrate that our proposed protocols successfully achieve these security properties, including mutual authentication, conditional anonymity, unlinkability, data confidentiality, data integrity, unforgeability, undeniability, key establishment, perfect forward/backward secrecy (PFS/PBS), and resistance against protocol attacks and quantum attacks. We further evaluate the performance of our proposed protocols with regard to signaling overhead, transmission overhead, computational overhead, and authentication delay, which shows that our proposed protocols can provide high efficiency.
Peer to Peer (P2P) or direct connection IoT has become increasingly popular owing to its lower latency and higher privacy compared to database-driven or server-based IoT. However, wireless vulnerabilities raise severe concerns on IoT device-to-device communication. This is further aggravated by the challenge to achieve lightweight direct mutual authentication and secure key exchange between IoT peer nodes in P2P IoT applications. Physical unclonable function (PUF) is a key enabler to lightweight, low-power and secure authentication of resource-constrained devices in IoT. Nevertheless, current PUF-enabled authentication protocols, with or without the challenge-response pairs (CRPs) of each of its interlocutors stored in the verifier’s side, are incompatible for P2P IoT scenarios due to the security, storage and computing power limitations of IoT devices. To solve this problem, a new lightweight PUF-based mutual authentication and key-exchange protocol is proposed. It allows two resource-constrained PUF embedded endpoint devices to authenticate each other directly without the need for local storage of CRP or any private secrets, and simultaneously establish the session key for secure data exchange without resorting to public-key algorithm. The proposed protocol is evaluated using the Mao and Boyd logic as well as the automatic security analysis tool ProVerif to corroborate its mutual authenticity, secrecy, and resistance against replay and man-in-the-middle attacks. Using two Avnet Ultra96-V2 boards to emulate the two IoT endpoint devices of a network, a physical prototype system is also constructed to demonstrate and validate the feasibility of the proposed secure P2P connection scheme.