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超伝導量子回路を用いた超・深強結合領域における物質と光の相互作用

Ziqiao Ao

Published Feb 26, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The development of quantum electrodynamics (QED), which studies the light-matter interaction in quantum level, has been accompanied by the enhancement of the coupling strength g between an atom (matter) and an electromagnetic (EM) field (light).With the introduction of a cavity, forming a cavity QED system, the coupling strength reached weak coupling (WC) and strong coupling (SC) regime.These regimes are defined by the system dissipations, the atom decay rate γ and the cavity decay rate κ, where g ≪ γ, κ for the WC regime and g ≫ γ, κ for the SC regime.Especially for the SC regime, the energy exchange between the atom and the EM field can happen repeatedly before the system losses the energy.This physical property enables quantum state manipulation in First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my principal supervisor, Takao Aoki, for his advice and support during my PhD studies.He is the first person who welcomed me to the field of cavity quantum electrodynamics at the end my third-year as an undergraduate student.Then, when I proposed to go to NICT and study about circuit QED and USC/DSC regimes, he agreed and quickly worked on the joined research contract, which yield the contents of this thesis.I still remember his words, "the Hamiltonian is the same anyway", which he said after agreeing my proposal.I also would like to thank him to allow me to the Leading Graduate Program in Science and Engineering and Power Energy Professional WISE Program.These programs require extra work for some unique curriculums, such as Lab.Rotations, internship and studying abroad.He has been supportive and flexible all the time and gave me full room to what I needed to do.All these works could not be done without support and guidance.Next, I would like to thank the members of Macroscopic Quantum Physics Project, National Institute of Information and Communication Technologies (NICT).I greatly appreciate Kouichi Semba, the leader of the project, letting me join the team and supported my PhD studies.He recommended me to Prof. William D. Oliver at MIT which made my visiting stay at EQuS at MIT become true.I also want to thank you him for applying for the fund by CREST which greatly helped me financially for a period of working at NICT.His advices and supports were not only very helpful for the works but also enriched my life.Fumiki Yoshihara was my mentor all the time during these works.He told me how to design and analyze the circuits, prepare the samples and operate the systems for experiments.He always answered me when I face problems and help me solve them, even they are easy ones.It has to be pointed out that he gave me the idea coupling the qubit to multiple modes in the resonator.This research topic has been tough due to its complicity, yet also been fun to mess around.I also appreciate he invited me to the soccer games during the lunch breaks.The cryostat which I used to cool the circuits was mostly prepared by Tomoko Fuse.She also told me how to prepare the cryostat and manage the cables inside it.Her advices and comments on my works were always greatly helpful.As a theorist Sahel Ashhab supported my works from the basic ideas.His advices helped me a lot to understand what is happening in the systems.He also helped me analyze the multimode circuit QED system by carefully deriving the expressions.I would like to thank the of the group, Sunmi Kim, with the discussions over chip designs and preparation of the Lab.At the end, I thank Akiko Hoshi for dealing all the paper works and Takashi Nakayama for helping me with the coding and equipment preparation.Thirdly, I would like to thank Shiro Saito and Kosuke Kakuyanagi from Superconducting Quantum Circuits Research Group at NTT Basic Research Laboratories.As the co-authors, they fabricated the samples with maximum care.I also appreciate the discussions about the experimental results where they always gave helpful advices and suggestions.I would like to thank all the members for the discussions during my iii internship at the same group.I especially thank Shiro Saito and Satoru Toida, the mentor during the internship, to let me join the group and conduct experiments.It was a great experience to work with the top-level researchers around the globe.I also would like to thank my two supervisors of the two Lab.Rotations, Kazuya Yuasa and Hiroshi Kawarada, for giving me the opportunity to join them.Although they were for a short period of time, the experiences broaden my interests towards science and engineering and will be surely valuable for me.I am deeply grateful to my supervisor of Engineering Quantum Systems group, William D. Oliver, for making me joining with he and the other Laboratory members and hosted my stay.I also appreciate the discussions and works with Roni Winik, who patiently explained his research and brought me in with his research topic.I spent a great time discussing and chatting with the group members and enjoyed working with them.I also want to thank William D. Oliver who applied a

DOI
10.20556/0002008403

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The development of quantum electrodynamics (QED), which studies the light-matter interaction in quantum level, has been accompanied by the enhancement of the coupling strength g between an atom (matter) and an electromagnetic (EM) field (light).With the introduction of a cavity, forming a cavity QED system, the coupling strength reached weak coupling (WC) and strong coupling (SC) regime.These regimes are defined by the system dissipations, the atom decay rate γ and the cavity decay rate κ, where g ≪ γ, κ for the WC regime and g ≫ γ, κ for the SC regime.Especially for the SC regime, the energy exchange between the atom and the EM field can happen repeatedly before the system losses the energy.This physical property enables quantum state manipulation in First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my principal supervisor, Takao Aoki, for his advice and support during my PhD studies.He is the first person who welcomed me to the field of cavity quantum electrodynamics at the end my third-year as an undergraduate student.Then, when I proposed to go to NICT and study about circuit QED and USC/DSC regimes, he agreed and quickly worked on the joined research contract, which yield the contents of this thesis.I still remember his words, "the Hamiltonian is the same anyway", which he said after agreeing my proposal.I also would like to thank him to allow me to the Leading Graduate Program in Science and Engineering and Power Energy Professional WISE Program.These programs require extra work for some unique curriculums, such as Lab.Rotations, internship and studying abroad.He has been supportive and flexible all the time and gave me full room to what I needed to do.All these works could not be done without support and guidance.Next, I would like to thank the members of Macroscopic Quantum Physics Project, National Institute of Information and Communication Technologies (NICT).I greatly appreciate Kouichi Semba, the leader of the project, letting me join the team and supported my PhD studies.He recommended me to Prof. William D. Oliver at MIT which made my visiting stay at EQuS at MIT become true.I also want to thank you him for applying for the fund by CREST which greatly helped me financially for a period of working at NICT.His advices and supports were not only very helpful for the works but also enriched my life.Fumiki Yoshihara was my mentor all the time during these works.He told me how to design and analyze the circuits, prepare the samples and operate the systems for experiments.He always answered me when I face problems and help me solve them, even they are easy ones.It has to be pointed out that he gave me the idea coupling the qubit to multiple modes in the resonator.This research topic has been tough due to its complicity, yet also been fun to mess around.I also appreciate he invited me to the soccer games during the lunch breaks.The cryostat which I used to cool the circuits was mostly prepared by Tomoko Fuse.She also told me how to prepare the cryostat and manage the cables inside it.Her advices and comments on my works were always greatly helpful.As a theorist Sahel Ashhab supported my works from the basic ideas.His advices helped me a lot to understand what is happening in the systems.He also helped me analyze the multimode circuit QED system by carefully deriving the expressions.I would like to thank the of the group, Sunmi Kim, with the discussions over chip designs and preparation of the Lab.At the end, I thank Akiko Hoshi for dealing all the paper works and Takashi Nakayama for helping me with the coding and equipment preparation.Thirdly, I would like to thank Shiro Saito and Kosuke Kakuyanagi from Superconducting Quantum Circuits Research Group at NTT Basic Research Laboratories.As the co-authors, they fabricated the samples with maximum care.I also appreciate the discussions about the experimental results where they always gave helpful advices and suggestions.I would like to thank all the members for the discussions during my iii internship at the same group.I especially thank Shiro Saito and Satoru Toida, the mentor during the internship, to let me join the group and conduct experiments.It was a great experience to work with the top-level researchers around the globe.I also would like to thank my two supervisors of the two Lab.Rotations, Kazuya Yuasa and Hiroshi Kawarada, for giving me the opportunity to join them.Although they were for a short period of time, the experiences broaden my interests towards science and engineering and will be surely valuable for me.I am deeply grateful to my supervisor of Engineering Quantum Systems group, William D. Oliver, for making me joining with he and the other Laboratory members and hosted my stay.I also appreciate the discussions and works with Roni Winik, who patiently explained his research and brought me in with his research topic.I spent a great time discussing and chatting with the group members and enjoyed working with them.I also want to thank William D. Oliver who applied a
Despite knowing the fundamental equations in most of the physics research areas, still there is an unceasing need for theoretical method development, thanks to the more and more challenging problems addressed by the research community.The investigation of post-silicon, non-classical information processing is one of the new and rapidly developing areas that requires tremendous amount of theoretical support, new understanding, and accurate theoretical predictions.My thesis focuses on theoretical method development for solid-state quantum information processing, mainly in the field of point defect quantum bits (qubits) in silicon carbide (SiC) and diamond.Due to recent experimental breakthroughs in this field, there are diverse theoretical problems, ranging from functional development for accurate first principles description of point defects, through complete theoretical characterization of qubits, to the modeling and simulation of actual quantum information protocols, that are needed to be addressed.The included articles of this thesis cover the development of (i) hybrid-DFT+V w approach for the first principles description of mixed correlated and uncorrelated systems, (ii) zero-field-splitting tensor calculation for solid-state quantum bit characterization, (iii) a comprehensive model for dynamic nuclear spin polarization of solid-state qubits in semiconductors, and (iv) group theoretical description of qubits and novel two-dimensional materials for topologically protected states.v vi First of all, I would like to thank my main supervisor, Prof. Igor Abrikosov, and my co-supervisors, Prof. Adam Gali and Prof. Erik Janzén, for their great guidance and helpfulness over the years.I appreciate and thank the numerous advice, the valuable discussions and the inspiring ideas.I am particularly grateful to all of them for providing and maintaining an unusual working agreement through which I can experience and learn much more than I could imagine before.Furthermore, I am thankful to Prof. Adam Gali for launching me on my career, helping from the beginning, and for involving me in several collaborations as well as to Prof. Igor Abrikosov for showing me numerous theoretical techniques, guiding me towards method development studies, and for supporting during my PhD studies.I would like to thank all of the members of our Swedish and Hungarian groups for creating a friendly and helpful atmosphere and for always being open for discussions.I am also very grateful to all of my collaborators, particularly from
To my family, who are always there for me... Acknowledgements First and foremost, I wish to express my sincerest gratitude to my thesis supervisor Prof. Berge Englert, for giving me with an interesting and fascinating topic to explore, for providing me valuable insights at various stages of the project, such as extremely helpful advice on which promising ideas to pursue and which veritable methods to attempt, and most especially for his mild-mannered approach and utmost patience in dealing with my struggles in this entire endeavor. I would also like to express my heartfelt appreciation for all the support I have re-ceived from the Centre for Quantum Technologies, mostly in the form of facilities that definitely eased the burden of the many little chores of research like printing documents. I would also like to thank the NUS Department of Physics for a providing me with a wonderful opportunity to teach tutorial classes during the final stages of my thesis write-up, an experience that I feel will be valuable for many years to come.
Cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED) is a central paradigm for the study of open quantum systems.The study of cQED aims to understand phenomena such as quantum decoherence and the emergence of semiclassical dynamics, striving to better connect empirical realism and axiomatic theory.Within this quantum regime, it is possible to prepare a mechanical oscillator in pure quantum states and observe how it evolves under interaction with the environment.Furthermore, quantum coupling of these mechanical systems to ultracold atomic systems offers a novel approach to controlling macroscopic systems at the quantum level.We are laying the experimental groundwork for hybrid atom-optomechanics where the optomechanical coupling is atom-mediated using an ultracold 6 Li atomic gas.The ultracold 6 Li gas is to be in close proximity with and strongly coupled to a high quality factor fused silica microtoroid resonator by confinement in a two-color evanescent wave optical dipole trap.The infrastructure, construction, and operation of an ultracold Li apparatus is presented and followed with a report of the characterization of our first observation of an ultracold lithium gas in the laboratory.Specifically, this thesis briefly covers theory and experimental implementation of laser cooling methods, development of the homemade laser and laser amplifier systems, and development and construction of the homemade electronic systems for the precise control and monitoring of atomic parameters.Finally, magneto-optical trap characterization methods and images of the cold atoms using time-dependent fluorescence imaging are shown and followed with a discussion of further work. ACKNOWLEDGMENTSMany people have contributed to the success of this thesis, and I owe thanks to all of them.First, I am grateful to Prof. Mukund Vengalattore for giving me the opportunity to be a part of his group and to work on building the lithium experiment.His incredible passion, never-ending myriad of ideas he contributed to this work, and the exceptional work environment he created have been crucial to the success of this thesis and to my development as a masters student.I owe much thanks to my colleague in the lithium-6 experiment, Yogesh Patil, for his invaluable insights and close to instant understanding of many of the technical difficulties and physical effects.Much of the success of this thesis results from his insights during our countless discussions.Thank you so much for the time we spent in the lab together!Many thanks to our undergraduate member, Airlia Shaffer-Moag, for a full set of crosstalk data on all 32 DIO circuits.Also, many thanks to all other group members from previous years who provided the original designs that the circuits in the lithium experiment are based upon.Finally, I am grateful to those who were not directly involved in the lithium-6 experiment but nevertheless contributed to making this thesis a successful and very pleasant one.First, I thank Lauren Aycock for her guidance, encouragement and invaluable suggestions in the lab and on this thesis.I thank Collin Reynolds for pointing out some very key circuit issues and for his constant feedback and encouragement.Finally, I thank Srivatsan Chakram for his help and insights and for his willingness to discuss my questions! b To my instructors, mentors, and colleagues.
当由协调的地驾驶的二个相同证完洞位于一致环境时，除了驱散，出现在二个洞之间的间接联合由背景地导致了。我们调查协调的地，驱散以及在系统的下列动态性质上的支离破碎的联合的效果：光子转移，可逆 decoherence，和量状态转，等等。我们发现在洞的光子不由于在洞和 enviroment 之间的集体联合完全漏进环境，并且光子由于支离破碎的联合与更少的与更多的光子从洞不可逆转地被转移到洞以便快在二个洞之中同等地分布式。协调删除在二个洞上抽增加吝啬的光子，补充可逆 decoherence 的复兴的大小，但是妨碍在二个洞之间的量状态转移。上述现象可以在量通讯和另外的基本的域发现应用。