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Advanced Quantum Technologies

Polarization‐Selective Transports in a Chiral Photon–Atom Coupled System

Gang Li, Xue SUN, De-Xiu Qiu, Ying Qiao Zhang, Xing Ri Jin

Published Aug 30, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

ABSTRACT We investigate a polarization‐selective transport scheme based on two V‐type atoms chirally coupled to a waveguide, where each atom exhibits polarization‐dependent optical transitions. An external driving field coherently couples the excited states of the atoms, enabling efficient and controllable polarization conversion during photon transport. For an incident photon prepared in a single polarization state, the system exhibits polarization‐dependent unidirectional transmission and reflection, arising from the chiral atom–waveguide interaction. Moreover, the external driving field allows polarization conversion to occur selectively within the transport channels. When the incident photon is prepared in a superposition of polarization states, the system simultaneously realizes polarization‐selective transmission and reflection, with the transport behavior dynamically controlled by the driving field. This scheme provides a tunable platform for directional transport of single photon with different polarization components, offering a versatile platform for photonic systems with simultaneous control over polarization and propagation direction.

DOI
10.1002/qute.70421

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ABSTRACT We investigate a polarization‐selective transport scheme based on two V‐type atoms chirally coupled to a waveguide, where each atom exhibits polarization‐dependent optical transitions. An external driving field coherently couples the excited states of the atoms, enabling efficient and controllable polarization conversion during photon transport. For an incident photon prepared in a single polarization state, the system exhibits polarization‐dependent unidirectional transmission and reflection, arising from the chiral atom–waveguide interaction. Moreover, the external driving field allows polarization conversion to occur selectively within the transport channels. When the incident photon is prepared in a superposition of polarization states, the system simultaneously realizes polarization‐selective transmission and reflection, with the transport behavior dynamically controlled by the driving field. This scheme provides a tunable platform for directional transport of single photon with different polarization components, offering a versatile platform for photonic systems with simultaneous control over polarization and propagation direction.
Single-photon transport in nonideal chiral photon-atom interaction structures generally contains information backflow and thus limits the capabilities to transfer information between distant emitters in cascaded quantum networks. Here, in the nonideal chiral case, a VVV-type atom coupled to a waveguide is proposed to realize completely unidirectional transmission of the single photons in a superposition state of different frequencies. A microwave field is introduced to drive the two excited states of the atom and results in photon conversion between two transitions. By adjusting the Rabi frequency and the phase of the external driving field, the transport behaviors of incident photons with specific frequencies can be optimized to complete transmission or reflection. Based on the constructive interferences between photons from different traveling paths, the transmission probabilities of the specific-frequency photons could be enhanced. Due to photon conversions with compensating the dissipations and ensuring the complete destructive interference, the ideal unidirectional transmission contrast can be maintained to $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$, even when the atom has dissipations into the nonwaveguide modes.
Abstract We theoretically investigate the influences of two coherent driving fields on the asymmetric transmission of single photon in the atom-waveguide system. The atom is considered as a Λ system. One transition of the atom chirally couples to the waveguide. The other transition is driven by two coherent driving fields. The transmission probabilities for the single photon incidents from the left ( T lr ) and right ( T rl ) are given respectively. The calculated results show that one can realize T lr = 0 ( T rl ≠ 0) or T rl = 0 ( T lr ≠ 0) by manipulating the phase difference between the two coherent driving fields. The influence of the decay rate of the metastable state on the asymmetric transmission is also discussed.
Two interacting Rydberg atoms coupled to a waveguide may realize a giant-atom platform that exhibits controllable (phase-dependent) chirality through which the direction of nonreciprocally scattered photons can be switched on demand, e.g., by the geometrical tuning of an external driving field. In our platform, at variance with traditional setups, the chirality arises from a simple optical implementation of the local phase difference between two coupling points of the Rydberg giant atom. When employing two (or more) driving fields, this platform can also be used as a frequency converter with its strongly asymmetric efficiency being significantly enhanced via the chiral couplings. Our Rydberg giant-atom platform is well suited for chiral quantum optics applications and further offers direct scalability for reaching tunable frequency conversion in the optical domain.
The area of waveguide quantum electrodynamics plays a signi cant role in many quantum technology applications. Photonic waveguides can be used to coherently transport photon pulses and can also efficiently increase the light-matter interaction strength. The work is done by Shen and Fan [1, 2] on the propagation of a photon pulse in a 1-D waveguide coupled to a single two-level emitter shows that a photon pulse can undergo complete reflection or transmission through the waveguide by controlling the coupling strength between the atom and the guided photon. We propose a V-type atomic system embedded in a 1-D waveguide and study the properties of an incoming photon pulse in the waveguide. We show that the driving field, which couples one of the atomic transitions, can be used as a controlling parameter to allow the photon pulse to be reflected or transmitted through the waveguide. As there reflection and transmission of the incident photon pulse can be externally controlled in our system, in comparison to the system suggested by Shen and Fan [1, 2], the proposed system in this thesis is more practiced than the system [1, 2]
Abstract We propose a scheme to realize a single-photon diode and circulator using two waveguides chirally coupled to a five-level M -type atom. Two external control fields are introduced to drive the emitter. Non-reciprocal single-photon propagation can be completed in our scheme, which underpins the single-photon diode and circulator. The single-photon diode can work well at special frequency points of the incident photon simultaneously. We can modulate the Rabi frequencies and detunings of the control fields to satisfy various values of frequency points of the incident photon. In addition, the non-reciprocity of the photon propagation can be turned off or on when the control fields are turned off or on. A single-frequency filter can filter out a special frequency for the incident photon by adjusting the detunings of the control fields. The single-photon circulator can realize photon propagation in the pathways 1 → 2 , 2 → 3 , 3 → 4 , 4 → 1 with probability 100%. The properties of the circulator can be modulated by adjusting the Rabi frequencies and detunings of the control fields.
Abstract We propose a potentially practical scheme for the controllable single-photon transport via waveguides which are coupled to a microcavity–emitter system. The microcavity–emitter system consists of a V-type three-level emitter and two or one single-mode microcavity. A driving field is used to drive a hyperfine transition between two upper excited states of the V-type three-level emitter. Beyond chiral coupling between waveguides and microcavity–emitter system, we show that the perfectly nonreciprocal single-photon transport in a single waveguide and the single-photon router with 100% routing probability in two waveguides can be achieved. Interesting enough, whether the nonreciprocal single-photon transport or the single-photon router can be switched periodically by adjusting the phase associated with microcavity–emitter coupling strength and the driving field. The complete physical explanation of the underlying mechanism is presented.