Temporal Logic Formalization for Quantum State Evolution

Jincheng Zhang

Published Aug 28, 2026• 0 citations

Abstract

This paper introduces a novel temporal logic formalism, termed Temporal Quantum Logic (TQL), specifically tailored for representing and reasoning about the continuous evolution of quantum states. The core challenge in applying temporal logic to quantum mechanics lies in effectively capturing the inherent complexities of superposition, entanglement, and decoherence, particularly the non-commutativity of quantum operations. Existing temporal logics lack the necessary tools to accurately model these phenomena. TQL addresses this limitation by employing a multi-valued logic built upon tensor networks and process algebra concepts. This approach enables a precise and explicit representation of quantum operations, measurement outcomes, and their temporal dependencies, incorporating probabilistic semantics directly into the logic. The formalization utilizes a state representation based on tensor network contractions, allowing for the dynamic tracking of quantum state evolution over time. The logic incorporates operators that explicitly handle non-commutativity and decoherence, offering a framework for formally verifying the correctness of quantum algorithms and protocols. The key innovation is the combination of tensor network formalism with temporal logic, providing a rigorous method for describing the evolution of quantum systems and enabling a deeper understanding of their behavior. This work lays the foundation for future research in quantum verification, quantum algorithm design, and the development of quantum software.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22137592

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