Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

BANANAS: THE FTL ILLUSION, TELEPORTATION & THE ZPE FALLACY

DENCER HYDE

Published Aug 27, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper delivers a rigorous wave-optical and thermodynamic dismantling of three pervasive pseudoscientific myths derived from misinterpretations of quantum mechanics: faster-than-light (FTL) superluminal signalling, macroscopic barrier penetration ("teleportation"), and zero-point energy (ZPE) extraction. By restoring the continuous wave-optical formulation of the Schrödinger equation and its exact isomorphism to the classical Helmholtz framework, we demonstrate that:1. Kinematic velocities inside a potential barrier () evaluate to purely imaginary quantities, denoting spatial evanescent attenuation rather than physical transport; apparent superluminal transit times (the Hartman effect) represent pulse-reshaping dwell times rather than true signal traversal, with relativistic causality preserved via Brillouin’s theorem.2. Quantum barrier transmission is strictly continuous through Sturm–Liouville boundary matching, identical to Frustrated Total Internal Reflection (FTIR); macroscopic "teleportation" is comprehensively ruled out by the exponential mass penalty () and rapid environmental thermal decoherence.3. The quantum vacuum's zero-point energy constitutes the absolute, irreducible thermodynamic ground state of the universe from which no potential gradient exists to extract work, while mechanical manifestations such as the Casimir force are strictly conservative fields yielding zero net energy across a closed thermodynamic cycle.These findings reaffirm that quantum tunnelling is continuous, causal, and microscopically bounded, establishing the vacuum as a structured dielectric medium rather than an exploitable source of free energy or non-local transit.Keywords: Quantum Tunnelling, Hartman Effect, Evanescent Waves, Thermal Decoherence, Zero-Point Energy, Casimir Effect, Relativistic Causality, Structured Vacuum

DOI
10.6084/m9.figshare.33351279

Related papers

QUANTUM TUNNELING DEBUNKED

Delája Schuppers

QUANTUM TUNNELING DEBUNKED Author: Delája Schuppers Date: 26 October 2026 Framework: Uniphied Realativity Copyright: 4.0 CC International Abstract Modern quantum mechanics relies on the probabilistic Copenhagen interpretation to explain the crossing of a potential energy barrier by a particle, mathematically treated as an exponential decay of a non-physical wave function (\(\psi \)). This paper provides a deterministic, materialist alternative using the foundational axioms of Uniphied Realativity. We demonstrate that "quantum tunneling" is a conceptual artifact born from an incomplete understanding of ‘vacuum’ geometry. By modeling matter not as isolated, point-like entities but as localized, non-singular Möbius torus sinks embedded within a continuous, linear neutrino ether field (not a vacuum) pumped macroscopically by Sagittarius A*, the paper shows that the particle does not teleport or cheat energy conservation. Instead, the medium entering the barrier is structurally identical to the medium emerging from it. Quantum in and quantum out represent the exact same continuous field, rendering the magical interpretation of quantum tunneling fully debunked.

•Oct 26, 2026•0 citations

The Binary Unified Theory: Rigid Fields, Emergent Forces, and Kinematic Relativity

Ian Donaldson

## Abstract ## For over a century, the foundational assumptions of wave-particle duality and the massless photon have forced standard quantum mechanics to rely on non-locality, abstract probability, and the violation of Bell's inequalities to explain entanglement. This paper introduces the Binary Unified Theory (BUT), a ground-up classical framework that replaces abstract probability amplitudes with pure, deterministic kinematics. BUT posits that all light and matter are complex kinematic systems constructed from exactly two fundamental, oppositely charged, zero-radius particles—the Poson and the Negon—traveling perpetually at the universally constant speed of light (c) and interacting via continuous, rigid 1/d fields. Within this framework:* The Photon (n=2): Light emerges naturally as a composite double-helix structure, physically uniting wave periodicity with quantized, discrete energy packets. Relativistic Doppler shift and spin projections are derived strictly from classical rotational kinematics.* Matter (n>2): Macroscopic matter and laboratory detectors are modeled as dense, non-linear chaotic swarms of fundamental charges. Rest mass and relativistic time dilation are physically realized as internal kinematic path-length constraints dictated by vector addition. * The Epistemic Barrier: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle is fundamentally redefined. It is not an ontological law dictating that reality is inherently blurred, but an absolute epistemic measurement barrier mathematically guaranteed by classical N-body chaos and Liouville's Theorem during the deterministic collision of macroscopic measurement devices (n>2) with subatomic systems.* Local Realism Restored: By invalidating the idealized assumption of statistical independence through continuous field connections, this framework demonstrates that quantum correlations are a natural consequence of shared causal histories, restoring strict local realism to the subatomic domain without requiring non-local "spooky action at a distance." Additionally, this continuous-field framework provides clear geometric derivations for the emergence of macroscopic 1/d^2 forces (Coulomb and Gravity) via phase-cancellation and multipole effects, while exposing quarks and the Yukawa potential as resonant geometric artifacts of confined chaotic traffic. --- ## Included Files in this Record 1. `Donaldson-Binary_Unified_Theory.pdf` - The full, compile-ready version of record for the preprint manuscript.2+3. `main.tex` and `references.bib` - The complete LaTeX source file containing the raw `.tex` file with the `.bib` bibliography for full open-science transparency and reproducibility.4. `BUT_Simulator.zip` - An interactive, self-contained HTML/JavaScript computational engine that maps out and visualizes the dynamic, non-linear trajectories and continuous field configurations of the Binary Unified Theory. To run, extract the archive and open the HTML file in any modern web browser.

•Jun 4, 2026•0 citations

Chronokinetic Resolution of Non-Local Quantum Mechanics

Brett Bray

Author Note: This exploratory working paper applies the Quanta Kinetic conservation framework to non-local quantum mechanics, barrier tunneling, and measurement collapse. The foundational relativistic kinematics and core geometric derivations are formally established for peer review in the primary preprint: 10.5281/zenodo.23567446. This treatise extends the invariant four-velocity budget v² + 𝕋² = c² g₀₀ to resolve three foundational paradoxes in quantum mechanics: non-local phase correlation (quantum entanglement), barrier penetration (quantum tunneling), and state-vector reduction during position measurement (wavefunction collapse). By projecting the relativistic Klein-Gordon mass-shell operator (ʲ - p̂² c² = m₀² c⁴) onto the Foldy-Wouthuysen spatial velocity operator (v̂ ≡ c² p̂ Ê⁻¹) and the chronokinetic rate operator (𝕋̂ ≡ m₀ c³ Ê⁻¹), the framework establishes the Generalized Quantum Chronokinetic Identity: ⟨v̂⟩² + ⟨𝕋̂⟩² + (σ_v² + σ_𝕋²) = c² g₀₀ Key theoretical solutions developed in this work include: Quantum Entanglement via Shared Temporal Budgets: In the Center-of-Momentum (COM) rest frame of an entangled bipartite state, relative velocity is zero (v_relative = 0). Consequently, the kinetic deficit vanishes (Ξ_kin = 0), allowing the pair to share an un-devalued temporal processing allocation (𝕋_shared = c√g₀₀). Spatial separation imposes zero thermodynamic drag on internal phase synchronization, explaining instantaneous phase correlation without requiring superluminal signaling or violating the No-Communication Theorem. Analytic Continuation & Super-Chronokinetic Tunneling: For potential barriers exceeding particle energy (V > E), the spatial velocity becomes imaginary (v = i v_imag, where v_imag = √[2(V - E)/m₀]). Substituting this into the budget yields an effective phase acceleration index: 𝕋_tunnel = √(c² g₀₀ + v_imag²) > c This analytic continuation maps evanescent spatial probability decay (e^(-κx)) directly into localized temporal phase accumulation while preserving the timelike four-velocity norm (U^μ U_μ = -c² g₀₀) and respecting subluminal Hartman signal front limits. Wavefunction Collapse as a Chronokinetic Time Freeze: Pinning down a particle's spatial position (Δx → 0) forces momentum uncertainty to diverge (Δp → ∞), driving spatial velocity dispersion to its relativistic ceiling (σ_v² → c²). To preserve the invariant four-velocity budget, the internal proper-time processing operator is completely extinguished: ⟨𝕋̂⟩ → 0 Quantum measurement is physically revealed as a localized temporal freeze: extracting spatial certainty forces 100% of the invariant four-velocity budget into spatial variance, halting internal phase evolution. Empirical Validation Protocols Asymmetric Biphoton Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) Interferometry: Entangled photons traversing a Frustrated Total Internal Reflection (FTIR) prism barrier exhibit a deterministic HOM dip position shift (δx_dip = d[√(1 + κ² c² / ω²) - 1]), where 100% dip visibility is fully restored via linear phase compensation. Spaceborne Bell-State Rotation: Entangled photon or fermion pairs separated between a ground station and high-velocity lunar orbital trajectories accumulate predictable unitary phase rotations (Δθ = ω₀ ∫ [Ξ_T^B(t) - Ξ_T^A] dt), distinguishing relativistic proper-time phase drift from environmental decoherence.

•Oct 9, 2026•0 citations

The Superluminal Tunneling Story

Horst Aichmann, Günter Nimtz

Since 1992 experimental evidence of superluminal (faster than light, FTL) signals are causing much excitement in the physical community and in the media. Superluminal signal velocity and zero time tunneling was first observed in an analog tunneling experiment with microwaves. Recently, the conjectured zero time of electron was claimed to be observed in ionizing helium. The FTL signal velocity was reproduced with infrared light and with various tunneling barriers in several laboratories worldwide. Remarkable, it was shown that the tunneling time is a universal quantity for elastic and for electromagnetic fields. Many theoretical physicists predicted this FTL nature of the tunneling process. However, even with this background many members of the physics community did not accept the superluminal signal velocity interpretation of the experimental results and they also ignored the universal tunneling time. The predicted and measured zero tunneling time was taken as a fantastic nonsense. A brief explanation of the misleading theoretical approaches against FTL signals due to the tunneling process is presented eventually.

arXiv:1304.3155•Apr 10, 2013•3 citations

Superluminal energy and information transport?

A. A. Stahlhofen, H. Druxes

The widespread belief, that energy and signal velocities are bounded by the speed of light in vacuum has been challenged in recent years by observations of superluminal propagation of classical evanescent modes in tunneling time experiments. These experiments thus provide a frame for testing the limits of transport velocities physically achievable. Obvious and hidden time-scales involved in tunneling time experiments are discussed focussing on optical tunneling in frustrated total internal reflection. A suggestion for a direct test of the energy transport velocity—also of interest in future hyper-fast space travel—is presented. Related questions touching our current understanding of some fundamental concepts in physics are addressed.

AIP conference proceedings•Jan 1, 1999•0 citations

Superluminal Physics: Beyond Speed of Light Limit Hypothesis and Tunnelling Time

Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto

This book explores the theoretical and philosophical implications of transcending the speed of light limit, building upon Florentin Smarandache's "no speed barrier" hypothesis. This collection of works develops the hypothesis that no physical entity is fundamentally constrained by a speed barrier, suggesting a framework for extending classical and relativistic physics into the realms of Superluminal Physics and Instantaneous Physics. The book’s core technical argument centers on the phenomenon of quantum tunneling and the Hartman effect, where the tunneling time appears independent of barrier width, leading to seemingly superluminal results. The authors propose a novel interpretation of the Hartman effect, suggesting that it is a manifestation of the multivaluedness of solutions to the Schrödinger equation, implying a quantum entity can exist in multiple locations simultaneously and thus appear to tunnel instantaneously. To provide a plausible mechanism for this superluminal effect, the book considers soliton tunnelling, specifically the Falaco soliton, which is presented as a known exact solution to the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations and is proposed as a realistic mechanism for quantum tunneling. Ultimately, the research seeks to find a general theory, such as the S-Multispace Theory, that unites physics at subluminal, relativistic, superluminal, and instantaneous speeds. This theoretical path is explored as an alternative for deep space and interstellar travel, moving beyond conventional concepts like the Alcubierre warp drive or wormholes in General Relativity.

•Jan 1, 2025•0 citations
This paper delivers a rigorous wave-optical and thermodynamic dismantling of three pervasive pseudoscientific myths derived from misinterpretations of quantum mechanics: faster-than-light (FTL) superluminal signalling, macroscopic barrier penetration ("teleportation"), and zero-point energy (ZPE) extraction. By restoring the continuous wave-optical formulation of the Schrödinger equation and its exact isomorphism to the classical Helmholtz framework, we demonstrate that:1. Kinematic velocities inside a potential barrier () evaluate to purely imaginary quantities, denoting spatial evanescent attenuation rather than physical transport; apparent superluminal transit times (the Hartman effect) represent pulse-reshaping dwell times rather than true signal traversal, with relativistic causality preserved via Brillouin’s theorem.2. Quantum barrier transmission is strictly continuous through Sturm–Liouville boundary matching, identical to Frustrated Total Internal Reflection (FTIR); macroscopic "teleportation" is comprehensively ruled out by the exponential mass penalty () and rapid environmental thermal decoherence.3. The quantum vacuum's zero-point energy constitutes the absolute, irreducible thermodynamic ground state of the universe from which no potential gradient exists to extract work, while mechanical manifestations such as the Casimir force are strictly conservative fields yielding zero net energy across a closed thermodynamic cycle.These findings reaffirm that quantum tunnelling is continuous, causal, and microscopically bounded, establishing the vacuum as a structured dielectric medium rather than an exploitable source of free energy or non-local transit.Keywords: Quantum Tunnelling, Hartman Effect, Evanescent Waves, Thermal Decoherence, Zero-Point Energy, Casimir Effect, Relativistic Causality, Structured Vacuum
QUANTUM TUNNELING DEBUNKED Author: Delája Schuppers Date: 26 October 2026 Framework: Uniphied Realativity Copyright: 4.0 CC International Abstract Modern quantum mechanics relies on the probabilistic Copenhagen interpretation to explain the crossing of a potential energy barrier by a particle, mathematically treated as an exponential decay of a non-physical wave function (ψ\psi ψ). This paper provides a deterministic, materialist alternative using the foundational axioms of Uniphied Realativity. We demonstrate that "quantum tunneling" is a conceptual artifact born from an incomplete understanding of ‘vacuum’ geometry. By modeling matter not as isolated, point-like entities but as localized, non-singular Möbius torus sinks embedded within a continuous, linear neutrino ether field (not a vacuum) pumped macroscopically by Sagittarius A*, the paper shows that the particle does not teleport or cheat energy conservation. Instead, the medium entering the barrier is structurally identical to the medium emerging from it. Quantum in and quantum out represent the exact same continuous field, rendering the magical interpretation of quantum tunneling fully debunked.
## Abstract ## For over a century, the foundational assumptions of wave-particle duality and the massless photon have forced standard quantum mechanics to rely on non-locality, abstract probability, and the violation of Bell's inequalities to explain entanglement. This paper introduces the Binary Unified Theory (BUT), a ground-up classical framework that replaces abstract probability amplitudes with pure, deterministic kinematics. BUT posits that all light and matter are complex kinematic systems constructed from exactly two fundamental, oppositely charged, zero-radius particles—the Poson and the Negon—traveling perpetually at the universally constant speed of light (c) and interacting via continuous, rigid 1/d fields. Within this framework:* The Photon (n=2): Light emerges naturally as a composite double-helix structure, physically uniting wave periodicity with quantized, discrete energy packets. Relativistic Doppler shift and spin projections are derived strictly from classical rotational kinematics.* Matter (n>2): Macroscopic matter and laboratory detectors are modeled as dense, non-linear chaotic swarms of fundamental charges. Rest mass and relativistic time dilation are physically realized as internal kinematic path-length constraints dictated by vector addition. * The Epistemic Barrier: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle is fundamentally redefined. It is not an ontological law dictating that reality is inherently blurred, but an absolute epistemic measurement barrier mathematically guaranteed by classical N-body chaos and Liouville's Theorem during the deterministic collision of macroscopic measurement devices (n>2) with subatomic systems.* Local Realism Restored: By invalidating the idealized assumption of statistical independence through continuous field connections, this framework demonstrates that quantum correlations are a natural consequence of shared causal histories, restoring strict local realism to the subatomic domain without requiring non-local "spooky action at a distance." Additionally, this continuous-field framework provides clear geometric derivations for the emergence of macroscopic 1/d^2 forces (Coulomb and Gravity) via phase-cancellation and multipole effects, while exposing quarks and the Yukawa potential as resonant geometric artifacts of confined chaotic traffic. --- ## Included Files in this Record 1. `Donaldson-Binary_Unified_Theory.pdf` - The full, compile-ready version of record for the preprint manuscript.2+3. `main.tex` and `references.bib` - The complete LaTeX source file containing the raw `.tex` file with the `.bib` bibliography for full open-science transparency and reproducibility.4. `BUT_Simulator.zip` - An interactive, self-contained HTML/JavaScript computational engine that maps out and visualizes the dynamic, non-linear trajectories and continuous field configurations of the Binary Unified Theory. To run, extract the archive and open the HTML file in any modern web browser.
Author Note: This exploratory working paper applies the Quanta Kinetic conservation framework to non-local quantum mechanics, barrier tunneling, and measurement collapse. The foundational relativistic kinematics and core geometric derivations are formally established for peer review in the primary preprint: 10.5281/zenodo.23567446. This treatise extends the invariant four-velocity budget v² + 𝕋² = c² g₀₀ to resolve three foundational paradoxes in quantum mechanics: non-local phase correlation (quantum entanglement), barrier penetration (quantum tunneling), and state-vector reduction during position measurement (wavefunction collapse). By projecting the relativistic Klein-Gordon mass-shell operator (ʲ - p̂² c² = m₀² c⁴) onto the Foldy-Wouthuysen spatial velocity operator (v̂ ≡ c² p̂ Ê⁻¹) and the chronokinetic rate operator (𝕋̂ ≡ m₀ c³ Ê⁻¹), the framework establishes the Generalized Quantum Chronokinetic Identity: ⟨v̂⟩² + ⟨𝕋̂⟩² + (σ_v² + σ_𝕋²) = c² g₀₀ Key theoretical solutions developed in this work include: Quantum Entanglement via Shared Temporal Budgets: In the Center-of-Momentum (COM) rest frame of an entangled bipartite state, relative velocity is zero (v_relative = 0). Consequently, the kinetic deficit vanishes (Ξ_kin = 0), allowing the pair to share an un-devalued temporal processing allocation (𝕋_shared = c√g₀₀). Spatial separation imposes zero thermodynamic drag on internal phase synchronization, explaining instantaneous phase correlation without requiring superluminal signaling or violating the No-Communication Theorem. Analytic Continuation & Super-Chronokinetic Tunneling: For potential barriers exceeding particle energy (V > E), the spatial velocity becomes imaginary (v = i v_imag, where v_imag = √[2(V - E)/m₀]). Substituting this into the budget yields an effective phase acceleration index: 𝕋_tunnel = √(c² g₀₀ + v_imag²) > c This analytic continuation maps evanescent spatial probability decay (e^(-κx)) directly into localized temporal phase accumulation while preserving the timelike four-velocity norm (U^μ U_μ = -c² g₀₀) and respecting subluminal Hartman signal front limits. Wavefunction Collapse as a Chronokinetic Time Freeze: Pinning down a particle's spatial position (Δx → 0) forces momentum uncertainty to diverge (Δp → ∞), driving spatial velocity dispersion to its relativistic ceiling (σ_v² → c²). To preserve the invariant four-velocity budget, the internal proper-time processing operator is completely extinguished: ⟨𝕋̂⟩ → 0 Quantum measurement is physically revealed as a localized temporal freeze: extracting spatial certainty forces 100% of the invariant four-velocity budget into spatial variance, halting internal phase evolution. Empirical Validation Protocols Asymmetric Biphoton Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) Interferometry: Entangled photons traversing a Frustrated Total Internal Reflection (FTIR) prism barrier exhibit a deterministic HOM dip position shift (δx_dip = d[√(1 + κ² c² / ω²) - 1]), where 100% dip visibility is fully restored via linear phase compensation. Spaceborne Bell-State Rotation: Entangled photon or fermion pairs separated between a ground station and high-velocity lunar orbital trajectories accumulate predictable unitary phase rotations (Δθ = ω₀ ∫ [Ξ_T^B(t) - Ξ_T^A] dt), distinguishing relativistic proper-time phase drift from environmental decoherence.
Since 1992 experimental evidence of superluminal (faster than light, FTL) signals are causing much excitement in the physical community and in the media. Superluminal signal velocity and zero time tunneling was first observed in an analog tunneling experiment with microwaves. Recently, the conjectured zero time of electron was claimed to be observed in ionizing helium. The FTL signal velocity was reproduced with infrared light and with various tunneling barriers in several laboratories worldwide. Remarkable, it was shown that the tunneling time is a universal quantity for elastic and for electromagnetic fields. Many theoretical physicists predicted this FTL nature of the tunneling process. However, even with this background many members of the physics community did not accept the superluminal signal velocity interpretation of the experimental results and they also ignored the universal tunneling time. The predicted and measured zero tunneling time was taken as a fantastic nonsense. A brief explanation of the misleading theoretical approaches against FTL signals due to the tunneling process is presented eventually.
The widespread belief, that energy and signal velocities are bounded by the speed of light in vacuum has been challenged in recent years by observations of superluminal propagation of classical evanescent modes in tunneling time experiments. These experiments thus provide a frame for testing the limits of transport velocities physically achievable. Obvious and hidden time-scales involved in tunneling time experiments are discussed focussing on optical tunneling in frustrated total internal reflection. A suggestion for a direct test of the energy transport velocity—also of interest in future hyper-fast space travel—is presented. Related questions touching our current understanding of some fundamental concepts in physics are addressed.
This book explores the theoretical and philosophical implications of transcending the speed of light limit, building upon Florentin Smarandache's "no speed barrier" hypothesis. This collection of works develops the hypothesis that no physical entity is fundamentally constrained by a speed barrier, suggesting a framework for extending classical and relativistic physics into the realms of Superluminal Physics and Instantaneous Physics. The book’s core technical argument centers on the phenomenon of quantum tunneling and the Hartman effect, where the tunneling time appears independent of barrier width, leading to seemingly superluminal results. The authors propose a novel interpretation of the Hartman effect, suggesting that it is a manifestation of the multivaluedness of solutions to the Schrödinger equation, implying a quantum entity can exist in multiple locations simultaneously and thus appear to tunnel instantaneously. To provide a plausible mechanism for this superluminal effect, the book considers soliton tunnelling, specifically the Falaco soliton, which is presented as a known exact solution to the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations and is proposed as a realistic mechanism for quantum tunneling. Ultimately, the research seeks to find a general theory, such as the S-Multispace Theory, that unites physics at subluminal, relativistic, superluminal, and instantaneous speeds. This theoretical path is explored as an alternative for deep space and interstellar travel, moving beyond conventional concepts like the Alcubierre warp drive or wormholes in General Relativity.