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International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems/International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering

A non-interactive lattice-based scheme supporting multiple blindness modes

Hải Lê Đình, Lương Vũ Ngọc Bùi

Published Aug 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper proposes a lattice based multi-mode blind signature framework that uniformly supports three operating modes: full blindness, partial blindness, and non-blindness. The design employs public matrices with trapdoors, combined with hash functions mapping into ℤ𝑞𝑛, short preimage sampling mechanisms, and an identity encryption component to ensure fairness and enable traceability in case of misuse. Based on this construction, the user generates a blinded request, the signer produces a short response bound to the encrypted identity, and the user performs an unblinding step to obtain the final signature. The paper also presents the system model, research methodology, security claims, and parameter discussions in the post-quantum setting. The main properties analyzed include correctness, blindness, partial blindness, existential unforgeability, one more unforgeability, fairness, and traceability under the SIS and one more SIS assumptions. The results indicate that the proposed approach provides a flexible solution for applications requiring a balance between anonymity, accountability, and post-quantum security.

DOI
10.11591/ijece.v16i4.pp1976-1984

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This paper proposes a lattice based multi-mode blind signature framework that uniformly supports three operating modes: full blindness, partial blindness, and non-blindness. The design employs public matrices with trapdoors, combined with hash functions mapping into ℤ𝑞𝑛, short preimage sampling mechanisms, and an identity encryption component to ensure fairness and enable traceability in case of misuse. Based on this construction, the user generates a blinded request, the signer produces a short response bound to the encrypted identity, and the user performs an unblinding step to obtain the final signature. The paper also presents the system model, research methodology, security claims, and parameter discussions in the post-quantum setting. The main properties analyzed include correctness, blindness, partial blindness, existential unforgeability, one more unforgeability, fairness, and traceability under the SIS and one more SIS assumptions. The results indicate that the proposed approach provides a flexible solution for applications requiring a balance between anonymity, accountability, and post-quantum security.
Blind signature allows a user to get a signature of a signer on an arbitrary message, and the verifier can convince that the signature is indeed signed by the signer without leaking any information about the message. This property is necessary when the user’s privacy needs protection, such as a bank bill, a trade secret, etc. As an alternative of public key infrastructure, the identity-based system can simplify the key management procedures in certificate-based public key systems. Inspired by the requirement of identity-based blind signature in the post quantum world, we research on identity-based blind signature based on hard lattice problems under the random Oracle model. We propose a construction built upon the blind signature by Rückert, and it is proved to be one-more unforgeable against selective identity and chosen message attacks (sID-CMA) and unconditionally blind. The proposed scheme has 2 moves, and its security can be reduced to the small integer solution (SIS) problem.
Partially blind signatures are introduced on the basis of blind signatures, which not only retain the advantages of blind signatures, but also solve the contradiction between anonymity and controllability in blind signatures. With the development of quantum computing technology, it becomes more urgent to construct secure partially blind signature schemes in quantum environments. In this paper, we present a new partially blind signature scheme and prove the security under the Ring-SIS assumption in the random oracle model. To avoid the restart problem of signature schemes caused by rejection sampling, a large number of random numbers are sampled in advance, so that they only need to be re-selected at the current stage without terminating the whole signature process when the conditions are not met. In addition, the hash tree technology is used to reduce communication costs and improve interactive performance. In order to avoid the errors in the security proof of the previous scheme, our proof builds upon and extends the modular framework for blind signatures of Hauck et al., and the correctness, partial blindness, and one-more unforgeability of the scheme are proved in detail according to the properties of the linear hash function.
Blind multisignature (BMS), first introduced by Horster et al, constitutes a crucial primitive that allows a user to generate a signature of a message from multiple signers, while the signers cannot obtain any information about the message. With these useful properties, blind multisignature is suitable for electronic payments and electronic voting. However, most of the current BMS schemes may be attacked by quantum computers in the future because they are based on traditional number theories, such as discrete logarithm assumption and large integer factor assumption. In this work, we first formalize the notion and the sound security models of the identity-based blind multisignature scheme (IDBMS). Then we present an instantiation based on lattices, along with rigorous proofs of the blindness and unforgeability under the lattice hard assumption (short integer solution, SIS), which is considered to remain secure under quantum computer attacks. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first identity-based quantum-resistant scheme that has the advantages of blind signature and multisignature.
This paper proposes an efficient lattice-based blind signature scheme built upon the BLISS framework. By incor porating bimodal Gaussian distributions and rejection sampling techniques, the scheme ensures secure output distributions and prevents information leakage during the signing process. It achieves blindness and one-more unforgeability with only two rounds of interaction, significantly improving efficiency compared to earlier multi-round lattice-based blind signature schemes. Performance analysis demonstrates that the scheme maintains relatively compact parameters, with a public key size of about 20KB, a private key size of 99KB, and a signature size of 120KB. These characteristics make it practical for post-quantum secure environments. Overall, the proposed scheme combines provable security, anonymity, and efficiency, and is well-suited for privacy preserving applications such as blockchain systems, electronic voting, and anonymous payments.
Blind signatures (BS) allow a signer to produce a valid signature on a message without learning the message itself.They have niche applications in privacy-preserving protocols such as digital cash and electronic voting.Non-interactive blind signatures (NIBS) remove the need for interaction between the signer and the user.In the post-quantum era, lattice-based NIBS schemes are studied as candidates for long-term security.In Asiacrypt 2024, Baldimtsi et al. proposed the first lattice-based NIBS construction, whose security relies on the random one-more inhomogeneous short integer solution (rOM-ISIS) assumption.This rOM-ISIS is considered to be a non-standard assumption.Later, Zhang et al. introduced another lattice-based construction in ProvSec 2024, and proved its security under the standard module short integer solution (MSIS) assumption.We analyse the security of the latter scheme.In the random oracle model, we show that it fails to achieve both nonce blindness and receiver blindness.We present explicit attacks where an adversary breaks both properties with probability 1.Our attack is based on a crucial observation that uncovers a flaw in the design.Specifically, this flaw allows an attacker to link a message-signature pair with its presignature-nonce pair.In addition, we also identify a flaw in the unforgeability proof.Finally, we suggest a modification to address the issue, which is similar to Baldimtsi et al. construction, and its security relies again on the non-standard rOM-ISIS assumption.This work again raises the question of the feasibility of achieving NIBS from standard assumptions.
Inspired by Agrawal, Boneh and Boyen's identity-based encryption scheme, we proposed a post-quantum identity-based signature scheme from lattices. In this construction, two distinct trapdoors are used to find short bases. One trapdoor enables the real implementation to generate short bases for all lattices. The other trapdoor enables the simulator to generate short bases for all lattices. Moreover, the generating short bases are used to sample short vectors as signatures. Based on the hardness of the small integer solution (SIS) problem, the proposed scheme is proven to be strongly unforgeable against adaptive chosen-identity and adaptive chosen-message attacks without using random oracles. Compared with the existing strongly unforgeable identity-based signature schemes, our scheme has the advantages of full security and resistance to quantum computing attacks.