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International Conference on Big Data & Artificial Intelligence & Software Engineering (ICBASE)

Low-Latency Hybrid Post-Quantum Secure Access Protocol for Resource-Constrained Terminals

Yuan Zhong, Yiqun Zhu

Published Jun 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1109/icbase70763.2026.11619478

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The emergence of quantum computing presents a critical threat to classical cryptographic schemes such as Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), which underpin protocols such as TLS 1.3. This study proposes and evaluates an optimized integration of the CRYSTALS-Kyber algorithm within the Transport Layer Security (TLS) 1.3 protocol for resource-constrained IoT devices. The objective is to achieve quantum-resistant security while maintaining practical performance on embedded hardware. Using the Open Quantum Safe library and OpenSSL, the implementation is bench marked on Raspberry Pi and ARM Cortex platforms under real-world constraints. Key findings demonstrate that Kyber512 achieves a favorable balance between performance and post-quantum security, with low handshake latency, peak memory usage under 22 KB, and energy consumption as low as 0.36 mJ per handshake. A hybrid implementation combining Kyber with Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman Ephemeral (ECDHE) ensures backward compatibility while enabling 128-256 bit quantum-safe security. Empirical validation confirms constanttime execution, side-channel resistance (p>0.05p>0.05p>0.05over 100 K traces), and robust operation under packet loss. These results establish CRYSTALS-Kyber as a viable candidate for postquantum secure communication in constrained IoT environments.
The emergence of quantum computing threatens classical cryptographic systems, including RSA and ECC, potentially compromising the security of pervasive Internet of Things (IoT) deployments. Resourceconstrained IoT devices—such as sensors, embedded controllers, and microcontrollers—face significant challenges in adopting post-quantum cryptographic (PQC) protocols due to computational, memory, and energy limitations. This paper proposes AQ-PQC, an adaptive lightweight hybrid key exchange protocol combining Kyber lattice-based KEM and lightweight elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), specifically designed for constrained devices. AQ-PQC introduces a dynamic parameter tuning algorithm that adjusts key sizes, handshake rounds, and compression ratios based on real-time device state and network conditions. Formal security analysis under the IND-CCA model demonstrates quantum-resistance and forward secrecy. Extensive hardware implementation on Raspberry Pi 4 and ESP32 devices reveals a significant reduction in handshake latency, energy consumption, and memory footprint compared to conventional PQC protocols. The proposed framework provides a practical, reproducible, and secure methodology for post-quantum IoT communications, supporting heterogeneous and resource-limited networks.
The emergence of quantum computing challenges traditional security mechanisms, particularly in heterogeneous and resource-constrained IoT and smart environments that must satisfy DN25 requirements. This work introduces a reinforcement learning-driven model for the adaptive selection and orchestration of cryptographic algorithms. Acting as an intelligent decision layer, the system observes contextual, network, and operational metrics to recommend or enforce configurations combining classical schemes, post-quantum cryptography, and Quantum Key Distribution when available. The selection problem is formulated as a Markov Decision Process with state and action spaces aligned with protocol control flows and is embedded into a security middleware with negotiation and fallback mechanisms to ensure interoperability and policy compliance without modifying application logic. Experimental results demonstrate that the model dynamically adjusts key lengths, algorithm families, and security policies according to risk and resource conditions, increasing post-quantum cryptography and Quantum Key Distribution usage by up to 33.4% and 23.9% in high-risk scenarios while favoring low-latency classical or hybrid options for less critical traffic. The system achieves success rates above 78% while maintaining stable latency and resource usage during extended operation.