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Acta Physica Sinica

Coherent population transfer control of cold atomic internal states via radio frequency phase

Chenhao Wang, Xie Jin, Zhonghua Ji, 苏殿强, Liantuan Xiao, Suotang Jia, Zhao Yanting

Published Jan 1, 2026• 0 citations

Abstract

本文研究了射频相位调控下冷原子内态的相干拉比振荡动力学过程。在实验中，利用双射频场耦合87Rb原子的两个超精细基态\left|F=1, m_F=-1\right\rangle 和 \left|F=1, m_F=0\right\rangle，通过测量原子的动力学演化过程，得到了不同射频相位下的耦合强度，并清晰揭示了射频相位对其大小的调控作用，系统验证了耦合强度随相位呈周期性变化的规律，实现了耦合强度从零到最大值的连续、高精度操控。通过相位调控实现了1微秒级别耦合强度切换，比功率调节快1-2个数量级。相较于激光相位，射频相位在调控原子内态间的耦合强度时，不仅具备更高的稳定性，更可实现毫弧度量级的精密调控。双射频场方案的引入进一步丰富了原子内态间耦合强度调控的多样性，为耦合强度的精准操控提供了新的途径。这一技术为在冷原子体系中实现复杂的量子态操控和量子模拟提供了新的手段。

DOI: 10.7498/aps.75.20260625

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本文研究了射频相位调控下冷原子内态的相干拉比振荡动力学过程。在实验中，利用双射频场耦合87Rb原子的两个超精细基态\left|F=1, m_F=-1\right\rangle 和 \left|F=1, m_F=0\right\rangle，通过测量原子的动力学演化过程，得到了不同射频相位下的耦合强度，并清晰揭示了射频相位对其大小的调控作用，系统验证了耦合强度随相位呈周期性变化的规律，实现了耦合强度从零到最大值的连续、高精度操控。通过相位调控实现了1微秒级别耦合强度切换，比功率调节快1-2个数量级。相较于激光相位，射频相位在调控原子内态间的耦合强度时，不仅具备更高的稳定性，更可实现毫弧度量级的精密调控。双射频场方案的引入进一步丰富了原子内态间耦合强度调控的多样性，为耦合强度的精准操控提供了新的途径。这一技术为在冷原子体系中实现复杂的量子态操控和量子模拟提供了新的手段。

Abstract The present study is inspired by the Wieman group experiment [Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 95, 190404], in which they use a slow modulated magnetic field to effectively transfer rubidium atoms into cold molecules near a Feshbach resonance. We develop a time‐dependent collision theory based on two channel model potentials to study the atom–molecule population transfer induced by a single‐color radio frequency field in an ultracold 87Rb gas. Wave‐packet dynamical simulations allow an investigation of both bound–bound transitions and free–bound transitions. The effects of temperature, detuning and the RF amplitude on the population transfer are discussed in detail. Some of our simulations suggest that oscillatory atom–molecule conversion could originate from the long coherence time of the wave packet. This coherence time is unusually long in ultracold gases because the collision energy is typically quite well‐defined.

在合成维度中构建可调谐的规范场，为精确操控多能级量子系统的相干演化及开展量子模拟提供了一条重要途径.本文基于量子相干控制理论，系统研究了在宽带宽激光脉冲全局驱动下，超冷87Rb原子超精细能级构成的四格点闭合环路中，谱相位对有效合成磁通的调控机制及其对量子态布居转移的影响.数值求解含时薛定谔方程的结果表明，谱相位调制可有效控制合成磁通，实现系统在相消干涉主导的布居抑制与相干布居转移之间的切换.进一步分析发现，在无外部调制时，由闭合环路中电偶极跃迁矩阵元乘积的相对符号所决定的内禀等效π磁通天然存在，使不同双光子拉曼跃迁路径之间发生相消干涉，从而使该四能级闭合环路构成描述类Aharonov-Bohm (AB)笼相消干涉机制的最小模型，并将量子布居限制于特定的能级子空间内.此外，该相消干涉导致的布居限制现象对脉冲带宽和单光子失谐表现出一定的鲁棒性.本研究通过谱相位整形宽带宽脉冲场，为合成维度中规范场的调控及多能级量子系统的相干操控提供了一种理论途径.

We present an experimental and theoretical study of the carrier-envelope phase effects on population transfer between two bound atomic states interacting with intense ultrashort pulses. Radio frequency pulses are used to transfer population among the ground state hyperfine levels in rubidium atoms. These pulses are only a few cycles in duration and have Rabi frequencies of the order of the carrier frequency. The phase difference between the carrier and the envelope of the pulses has a significant effect on the excitation of atomic coherence and population transfer. We provide a theoretical description of this phenomenon using density matrix equations. We discuss the implications and possible applications of our results.

Electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption of a monochromatic light controlled by a radio frequency field in the cold multi-Zeeman-sublevel atoms are theoretically investigated. These Zeeman sublevels are coupled by a radio frequency (RF) field. Both electromagnetically induced transparency and electromagnetically induced absorption can be obtained by tuning the frequency of RF field for both the linear polarization and elliptical polarization monochromatic lights. When the transfer of coherence via spontaneous emission from the excited state to the ground state is considered, electromagnetically induced absorption can be changed into electromagnetically induced transparency with the change of intensity of radio field. The transparency windows controlled by the RF field can have potential applications in the magnetic-field measurement and quantum information processing.