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Acta Physica Sinica

Spectral phase control of an Aharonov-Bohm caging analogue in ultracold atoms

JIAN Xinxia, ZHENG Zhijian, Jinkang Guo, ZHOU Hang, HONG Qianqian, 束传存 Shu Chuancun

Published Jan 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

在合成维度中构建可调谐的规范场，为精确操控多能级量子系统的相干演化及开展量子模拟提供了一条重要途径.本文基于量子相干控制理论，系统研究了在宽带宽激光脉冲全局驱动下，超冷87Rb原子超精细能级构成的四格点闭合环路中，谱相位对有效合成磁通的调控机制及其对量子态布居转移的影响.数值求解含时薛定谔方程的结果表明，谱相位调制可有效控制合成磁通，实现系统在相消干涉主导的布居抑制与相干布居转移之间的切换.进一步分析发现，在无外部调制时，由闭合环路中电偶极跃迁矩阵元乘积的相对符号所决定的内禀等效π磁通天然存在，使不同双光子拉曼跃迁路径之间发生相消干涉，从而使该四能级闭合环路构成描述类Aharonov-Bohm (AB)笼相消干涉机制的最小模型，并将量子布居限制于特定的能级子空间内.此外，该相消干涉导致的布居限制现象对脉冲带宽和单光子失谐表现出一定的鲁棒性.本研究通过谱相位整形宽带宽脉冲场，为合成维度中规范场的调控及多能级量子系统的相干操控提供了一种理论途径.

DOI
10.7498/aps.75.20260645

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本文研究了射频相位调控下冷原子内态的相干拉比振荡动力学过程。在实验中，利用双射频场耦合87Rb原子的两个超精细基态\left|F=1, m_F=-1\right\rangle 和 \left|F=1, m_F=0\right\rangle，通过测量原子的动力学演化过程，得到了不同射频相位下的耦合强度，并清晰揭示了射频相位对其大小的调控作用，系统验证了耦合强度随相位呈周期性变化的规律，实现了耦合强度从零到最大值的连续、高精度操控。通过相位调控实现了1微秒级别耦合强度切换，比功率调节快1-2个数量级。相较于激光相位，射频相位在调控原子内态间的耦合强度时，不仅具备更高的稳定性，更可实现毫弧度量级的精密调控。双射频场方案的引入进一步丰富了原子内态间耦合强度调控的多样性，为耦合强度的精准操控提供了新的途径。这一技术为在冷原子体系中实现复杂的量子态操控和量子模拟提供了新的手段。
Aharonov-Bohm (AB) caging, a special flat-band localization mechanism, has spurred great interest in different areas of physics. AB caging can be harnessed to explore the rich and exotic physics of quantum transport in flatband systems, where geometric frustration, disorder, and correlations act in a synergetic and distinct way than that in ordinary dispersive band systems. In contrast to the ordinary Anderson localization, where disorder induces localization and prevents transport, in flat band systems disorder can induce mobility, a phenomenon dubbed inverse Anderson transition. Here, we report on the experimental realization of the AB cage using a synthetic lattice in the momentum space of ultracold atoms with tailored gauge fields, and demonstrate the geometric localization due to the flat band and the inverse Anderson transition when correlated binary disorder is added to the system. Our experimental platform in a many-body environment provides a fascinating quantum simulator where the interplay between engineered gauge fields, localization, and topological properties of flat band systems can be finely explored.
The Aharonov-Bohm (AB) caging is the phenomenon of extreme localization of particles subjected to magnetic fields in certain tight binding lattices. While the AB caging involves the localization of noninteracting particles, it often breaks down due to the effect of interaction, resulting in delocalization. In this study, however, we show that interactions under proper conditions can restore the AB caging of particles. By analyzing the dynamics of two bosons possessing both onsite and nearest neighbor interactions on a one-dimensional diamond/rhombus lattice pierced by an artificial gauge field, we show that the AB caging is restored when both interactions are of equal strength. Furthermore, the interaction induced AB caged bosons, with the onset of an antisymmetric correlated onsite disorder in the lattice, escape from the cages, demonstrating the phenomenon of inverse Anderson transition, which is known to be exhibited by the noninteracting AB caged particles. We also obtain a situation similar to the inverse Anderson transition when an external potential gradient is applied to the lattice. These findings offer a route to realize the AB caging and inverse Anderson transition of interacting particles in experiments involving ultracold atoms in optical lattices or superconducting circuits.
Abstract In the lattice system, when the synthetic flux reaches a π phase along a closed loop under the synthetic gauge field, destructive interference occurs and gives rise to the localization phenomenon. This is known as the Aharonov–Bohm (AB) caging effect. It provides a powerful tool for the study of quantum transport and dynamical effects. In the system where lattice sites possess internal structure and the underlying gauge field is non-Abelian, localization can also occur, forming the non-Abelian AB caging. Here, we propose an experimental scheme to synthesize non-Abelian gauge fields with a single trapped ion by coupling multiple internal levels and Fock states in its motion via laser fields. In contrast to the Abelian AB caging, we numerically observe that the non-Abelian AB caging occurs either when the interference matrix is nilpotent, or when the initial state is specifically set. Our experimental scheme broadens the study of localization phenomena and provides a novel tool for the study of non-Abelian physics.
拓扑泵浦是受拓扑保护的定向粒子输运，近年来在超冷原子、光子晶体等实验平台中已被广泛实现. 粒子间相互作用无处不在，为拓扑泵浦带来了新的调控自由度. 为进一步探究相互作用系统中的拓扑输运规律，本文研究了一维相互作用广义 Aubry-André-Harper 模型中两粒子束缚态的拓扑泵浦行为. 只考虑在位相互作用，除同位束缚态拓扑泵浦外，还存在一种新奇的邻位束缚态泵浦模式，即两粒子始终保持相邻占据并作为整体进行拓扑泵浦. 在绝热周期驱动下，两类束缚态均可作为复合准粒子实现量子化泵浦，经过一个泵浦周期，其质心位移取决于对应能带的陈数. 在开边界条件下，系统中存在这两类束缚态的边缘模式，其可以通过边缘态-体态混合泵浦模式从系统一侧边缘输运到另一侧边缘. 本研究揭示了邻位束缚对拓扑泵浦这一新颖的输运模式，丰富了两体拓扑泵浦的物理图像，为相互作用系统中的拓扑输运研究提供了新的视角.