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Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences Physics

Two Ways for Measuring the Collisional Decay Times of the Orientation and Alignment of the 3P1 level of 174Yb Atoms Using Adjacent Quantum Transitions

Хворостов Евгений Борисович, Sergei A. Kochubei, Рубцова Наталия Николаевна

Published Jul 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The method of modified stimulated photon echo was applied to the study of collisional decay of orientation and alignment (polarization moments of the threefold degenerate 3P1 level) of atomic gas 174Yb. Two ways of resonant atoms excitation were used according to three-level schemes 0 → 1 → 1 and 0 → 1 → 0. The results obtained by these two ways were compared for a gas mixture ytterbium with xenon.

DOI
10.1134/s1062873826700942

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Abstract The method of modified stimulated photon echo was applied to the study of collisional decay of orientation and alignment (polarization moments of the threefold degenerate 3P1 level) of atomic gas 174Yb. Two ways of resonant atoms excitation were used according to three-level schemes 0 → 1 → 1 and 0 → 1 → 0. The results obtained by these two ways were compared for a gas mixture ytterbium with xenon.
The phenomenon of modified stimulated photon echo is registered on two adjacent quantum transitions of 174Yb atoms. The experiments were performed in a rarefied atomic vapour of ytterbium, strongly diluted by the noble gas xenon. Light pulses of linear polarization with specially selected mutual orientations of the polarization vectors were used to excite the atoms, which made it possible to measure the relaxation rates of the orientation and alignment for a three times degenerated intermediate quantum level of 174Yb atoms. The method of modified stimulated photon echo is compared to the method of conventional stimulated photon echo.
Polarization stimulated photon echo technique is applied to measure the difference between relaxation rates of alignment and orientation of the level 3P1 (6s6p) of 174Yb. At the transition 1S0 (6s2) - 3P1 (6s6p) 174Yb (of type 0 ↔ 1) a collision induced echo is revealed, which is generated by two pulses of linear and mutually orthogonal polarizations. Photon echo arises exclusively due to collisions between atoms of ytterbium and buffer gases; its power depends non-monotonously on the buffer pressure, and the echo polarizations coincides with the polarization of the first exciting pulse of radiation.
First proposal is made to measure the ratio of stimulated photon echo power corresponding to two different mutual orientations of exciting pulses polarizations as a function of the buffer gas pressure to extract the spectroscopic information concerning the relaxation rates difference of orientation and alignment from these measurements. The absolute value of the difference between relaxation characteristics |γb (1)-γb (2)| corresponding to orientation and alignment of 3P1 (6s6p) level of 174Yb due to it's collisions with krypton atoms is measured. The fact of the difference between orientation and alignment relaxation rates is reliably stated.
The method of a stimulated photon echo with specially selected linear polarizations of pumping pulses of a coherent resonant radiation is applied to a research of depolarizing collisions in molecular gas SF6 and its mixtures with buffer gases He and Xe. For the first time in one experiment the rates of a collisional decay of three lowest moments of polarization (population, orientation and alignment) are defined in an ensemble of gas particles. These rates of a relaxation are measured as functions on longitudinal velocities of resonant particles. In the frames of an experimental accuracy any noticeable dependence on velocities of particles was not detected both for orientation and alignment neither in pure resonant gas SF6 nor in mixtures. This result confirms the standard theoretical approach to depolarizing collisions. In pure SF6 decay rates of orientation and alignment have proved lesser than relaxation rate constant due to velocity changing (elastic) collisions. It means, that only the part of elastic collisions participates in destruction of multipole polarization moments of resonant levels. In comparison with our previous work the evidence is obtained that the relaxation of multipole moments seems to be j-dependent one in a medium of molecular gas SF6.
Stimulated photon echo technique with specially chosen linear polarizations of pumping pulses of exciting radiation is applied to investigation of depolarizing collisions in molecular gas SF6 and its mixtures with buffer gases He and Xe. For the first time, the collisional decay rates of population, orientation and alignment of SF6 levels are determined simultaneously. Translational velocity dependence of orientation and alignment collisional decay rates was under investigation. This velocity dependence proved to be negligible within the frames of experimental accuracy both in pure SF6 and in mixtures, which is in agreement with standard theoretical approach accepted for depolarizing collisions. Decay rates of orientation and alignment in pure SF6 have proved lower than velocity changing (elastic) collisions relaxation rate, which allows to conclude, that only some part of elastic collisions participates in destruction of multipole polarization moments of resonant levels. The evidence is obtained for j-dependence of multipole moments relaxation rates SF6.
The method of stimulated photon echo with specially chosen linear polarizations of the pumping pulses of coherent resonant radiation is applied for the investigation of collisional decay of orientation and alignment in the molecular gas SF6 and its mixtures with buffers He and Xe. These relaxation rates are measured as a function of longitudinal velocities. Within the experiment accuracy, no remarkable velocity dependence of the depolarizing collisions rates was detected. This result confirms conventional approach of the depolarizing collisions theoretical treatment. In pure SF6 the rates of elastic depolarizing collisions for orientation and alignment proved smaller than the known rate of velocity changing collisions. It means that only part of the elastic collisions participates in destroying of the level multipole moments.