Wavelength hopping of a hysteresis-biased 2.3kHz-linewidth external-cavity DFBLD with grating feedback is demonstrated to injection-lock a weak-resonant-cavity laser diode for enabling multi-wavelength-channel DPS-QKD operation with <3% QBER.
In comparison with the rapidly developing progress on the optical C-band (1525-1565 nm) master-to-slave injection-locked transmitter to perform the coherent single-photon quantum key distribution (QKD), the development on the O-band (1250-1350 nm) QKD transmitter is somewhat delayed as the commercially available wavelength-matched narrow-linewidth distributed feedback laser diode (DFBLD) pair is hardly accessible up to now. By using the DFBLDs with only sub-MHz linewidth and relatively deviated wavelength for the first time, this work demonstrates the optically differential-phase-shift-keying (DPS) QKD by an O-band master-to-slave injection-locked DFBLD pair. The master and slave DFBLDs with wavelength fluctuations of ±0.05% and ±0.2 pm are controlled by a thermo-electric cooler with a feedback gain of 100. The 1-bit delay interferometer (DI) under thermo-insulation maintains its visibility at >96% with dP o /P o and dP o /dt measured below ±0.1% and ±1 × 10 −3 mW/s. By RZ-OOK modulating the master DFBLD with step-like power coding at 150 µW to induce π phase shift in the injection-locked slave DFBLD, the rising-/falling-edge DPS envelope distortion of the slave DFBLD diminishes by decreasing the bias current of the master DFBLD from 7I th (35 mA) to 2I th (10 mA). This phenomenon enables the 128-bit DPS-QKD transmission with a quantum bit-error rate (QBER) of 3.57% and a secure key rate of 3.524 kbit/s in the 6-km SMF link. The O-band injection-locked single-photon DPS-QKD bit-stream with a mean photon number of 0.2 #/bit minimizes its decoding QBER to 3.88% and 4.84% for 512-bit and 1024-bit, respectively.
The generation of light with amplitude-noise levels below the standard quantum limit (SQL) by constant-current operation of light-emitting and semiconductor laser diodes has been well established.1 Nearly all of this work, however, has been conducted with the light source cooled to cryogenic temperatures. At room temperature, the highest observed squeezing levels were 0.6 dB for light-emitting diodes and 0.2 dB for laser diodes.2 We presently report up to 1.8 dB of squeezing from a commercially available index-guided quantum-well laser (SDL-5410-C) operated at room temperature. Although cross-gain saturation can lead to amplitude squeezing of the total number of photons emitted by a multimode semiconductor laser in the limit of fast intraband scattering and the absence of wavelength-dependent loss,3 we found that it was necessary to suppress the >100 near-threshold longitudinal side modes of the laser to obtain squeezing at room temperature. This was accomplished either by using optical feedback from a grating in an external cavity configuration or by injection-locking the laser to a single-frequency laser. Both of these techniques allow the output wavelength of the laser to be named and thus the squeezing level as a function of wavelength to be studied.