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International Conference on Communications

Security Analysis of NOMA-Based STAR-RIS: Near and Far Users Under Colluding vs. Non-Colluding Eavesdropping

Abdullah Al Mamun, Neji Mensi, Danda B. Rawat

Published May 24, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1109/icc59461.2026.11587931

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IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security•Jan 1, 2020•82 citations
The close relationship between multiple access technologies and efficient spectrum utilization makes power- domain non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) an attractive solution that enables the support of high data rates, user fairness and low-latency communications in 5G and next generation networks. However, user pairing and successive interference cancelation applied in NOMA facilitates eavesdropping on the far user’s signal by the near user establishing security as a main issue in NOMA systems. Due to their numerous advantages, the means of physical layer security (PLS) are extremely suitable to combat internal NOMA eavesdropping. Up to the present only a few studies exist which examine different PLS approaches against eavesdropping on the far user by the near user. Among them are a joint beamforming and power allocation algorithm, an angle conversion method that alters the original signal constellation before transmission, and a directional modulation approach. In this paper, the available PLS methods against eavesdropping on the far user by the near user are investigated and the main advantages and drawbacks of these methods are compared.
The key idea of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is to serve multiple users in the same resource block to improve the spectral efficiency. Whereas due to the resource sharing, a security flaw of NOMA emerges in the presence of internal untrusted users, especially untrusted near users who are closer to the base station and can easily access the confidential information for paired far users. To mitigate the flaw, in this paper, we investigate the reliable and secure transmission of NOMA systems with untrusted near users, and propose joint beamforming and power allocation (JBP) scheme for the scenario. Meanwhile, from security point of view, we extend to a worse-case scenario where both untrusted near users and external eavesdroppers exist, and propose joint artificial noise aided beamforming and power allocation (JANBP) scheme to achieve a reliable and secure transmission for the scenario. The exact and asymptotic closed-form expressions of secrecy outage probability (SOP) for the two scenarios are derived to evaluate the secrecy performance achieved by the proposed schemes, respectively. The analysis and simulation results show the superiority of the proposed JBP and JANBP schemes in terms of combating internal and external eavesdropping, and also indicate the two schemes can achieve the same SOP at high SNR.