The Mass-Photon Uncertainty Principle A Unified Theory of Darkness, Light, and Quantum Limits.

D. Han, Y. S. Kim, Marilyn E. Noz

Rati Ram SHARMA

unclear about Wave-quantum Unity of light and light propagating medium. A single experiment shows wave-quantum unity for low intensity light and moving electrons. In our Unified Theory light is propagated as a Wave-Quantum UNITY along transverse electromagnetic wave as per Poyinting vector in the physical 'sharmon medium ' contiguously via 1-spin sharmons, which do not physically move. It appears as Quantum Theory's wave-or-quantum DUALITY for observing only one of the two not both characters at a time. Sharmon comprises a positive positrino and negative negatrino, the two all-composing indivisible elements of diameter 1.6x10-33cm, electric charge 1.3729x10-30 esu, mass 2.596116x10-48 gm, spin = 1/2. These compose all forms of mass, energy, energy quanta like photon and particles like quarks, leptons and hadrons. Copenhagen interpretation of Quantum Theory is reviewed. Uncertainty Principle is rejected and replaced with new ‘Principle of Null Action ’ based on the conservation of mass-energy, momentum and action. Since spin of light-emitter does not fall and of absorber does not rise by one, NOT the 1-spin photon but 0-spin sharmon composed energy-quantum is emitted, absorbed and propagated. 'Contraction of space ' and 'dilatation of time ' are unrealistic. Constancy and invariance of light velocity c are explained, as also the observed variability,

Masanao Ozawa

takashi ueda

We present a hypothetical approach showing that the unified field theory (UFT) previ- ously proposed by the author may deterministically include quantum theory. In the UFT, the force is given by F = −H × M2/Mp, where H is the unified energy function. Between a photon and a slit wall, Hnon-self ̸= 0, and the deflection angle of the photon is θphoton = (y + z)M1Dc2 (r 2 − (y 2 + z 2)) FPl . For an electron, the self-term does not vanish, and the deflection angle becomes θelectron = (y + z)M1Dc2 (r 2 − (y 2 + z 2)) FPl − 2M2c 2 zFPl , where M1 = mslit − qslitme/e is the effective mass of the slit wall, M2 = 2me is the effective mass of the electron, y is the projected radius of the slit, z is the particle radius, D is a dimensionless coupling constant, and FPl is the Planck force. The overlap of the radial dispersions from the two slits produces regions of high and low particle density, reproducing the interference pattern. Thus, wave nature can be explained as the statistical con- sequence of the non-equilibrium force from the slit walls. Furthermore, from the photon–electron force derived in the Compton scattering preprint, ∆F = − h(ν − ν ′ ) re , ∆t = re c , ∆p = − h(ν − ν ′ ) c , the relation ∆x ∆p ∼ h can be derived, suggesting that the uncertainty principle may also emerge from the non-equilibrium force and interaction time of the UFT. This paper presents the hypothesis that the UFT deterministically includes quantum theory, and specifies experimental tests.

Piero Chiarelli

This work shows that in the frame of the stochastic generalization of the quantum hydrodynamic analogy (QHA) the uncertainty principle is fully compatible with the postulate of finite transmission speed of light and information. The theory shows that the measurement process performed in the large scale classical limit in presence of background noise, cannot have a duration smaller than the time need to the light to travel the distance up to which the quantum non-local interaction extend itself. The product of the minimum measuring time multiplied by the variance of energy fluctuation due to presence of stochastic noise shows to lead to the minimum uncertainty principle. The paper also shows that the uncertainty relations can be also derived if applied to the indetermination of position and momentum of a particle of mass m in a quantum fluctuating environment.

Thomas A. Brody