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Macroscopic Quantum States: When Macroscopic Objects Enter Quantum Superposition

Runbiao Fang

Published Jan 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Macroscopic Quantum States: When Macroscopic Objects Enter Quantum Superposition
DOI
10.5281/zenodo.21282932

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We propose a deterministic macro-realism interpretation to solve Schrödinger’s cat paradox with-out invoking wave function collapse by observer, environmental decoherence or many world inter-pretation. By introducing the topological conditional Lagrangian randomly selected by microscopicquantum states, we could map the microscopic quantum states to the macroscopic irreversible bound-ary conditions. When a micro object in quantum superposition triggers a macro-critical threshold(Fc ) in the conditional Lagrangian, only specific one of the conditional Lagrangian emerges in real-ity and only the corresponding path survives in Feynman path integral. All other alternative pathsdestructively interfere due to infinite phase factor(∆S/ℏ → ∞) demonstrating that a macroscopicapparatus never enters a pure quantum superposition state via topological conditional Lagrangian.We propose an experiment to test our interpretation. While this proposal respects the intrinsicrandomness of quantum nature, it provides mathematically economical and conceptually simpleresolution about quantum-classical interface by restoring rigid causality of macroscopic variableswithout partial tracing of decoherence.
Since the establishment of the quantum mechanics, researchers in physics have been studying superposition states and especially proposing setups for generating macroscopic objects in a quantum superposition state. Such states are important and of interest both from a foundational perspective and for their applications in the emerging quantum technologies. Here, we propose a circuit quantum electrodynamical setup and an adiabatic scheme for preparing a macroscopic and massive object in a quantum superposition state. The scheme is based on establishing a spatial double-well potential for a macroscopic object and preparing it in the ground state of the potential via an adiabatic transition. The resulting state is a spatial superposition state where the object assumes a superposition of bulked to two opposite directions, e.g. right and left. By numerical solving of the quantum optical master equation and including the environmental effects, we show that the target cat state is achievable with a high fidelity provided the process satisfies the adiabaticity conditions.