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Acta Physica Sinica

Spin Hall effect of ultracold atoms in a quasi-one-dimensional optical lattice

ZHANG Zeyu, Xiaofan Zhou

Published Jan 1, 2026• 0 citations

Abstract

自旋霍尔效应由自旋轨道耦合诱导并展现出自旋流，是凝聚态物理和自旋电子学的重要基石。本文基于准一维光学晶格超冷原子体系，提出了自旋霍尔效应的量子模拟理论方案。在准一维晶格中引入Rashba自旋轨道耦合和线性梯度势，利用含时密度矩阵重整化群方法，计算体系的非平衡动力学演化特别是自旋输运行为。计算结果表明，线性势驱动原子沿晶格方向发生定向输运，而自旋轨道耦合进一步诱导通道间自旋重新分布，出现横向自旋流和横向极化，展现出自旋霍尔效应的典型特征。文章还研究了自旋轨道耦合强度、线性势强度、晶格尺寸以及相互作用强度对自旋霍尔效应的影响。该工作为推动霍尔效应的量子模拟提供了一条可行的超冷原子实现路径，为利用冷原子系统模拟原子输运行为提供了新的理论范式，进一步深化了对人工量子体系中非平衡自旋动力学的理解。

DOI: 10.7498/aps.75.20260764

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自旋霍尔效应由自旋轨道耦合诱导并展现出自旋流，是凝聚态物理和自旋电子学的重要基石。本文基于准一维光学晶格超冷原子体系，提出了自旋霍尔效应的量子模拟理论方案。在准一维晶格中引入Rashba自旋轨道耦合和线性梯度势，利用含时密度矩阵重整化群方法，计算体系的非平衡动力学演化特别是自旋输运行为。计算结果表明，线性势驱动原子沿晶格方向发生定向输运，而自旋轨道耦合进一步诱导通道间自旋重新分布，出现横向自旋流和横向极化，展现出自旋霍尔效应的典型特征。文章还研究了自旋轨道耦合强度、线性势强度、晶格尺寸以及相互作用强度对自旋霍尔效应的影响。该工作为推动霍尔效应的量子模拟提供了一条可行的超冷原子实现路径，为利用冷原子系统模拟原子输运行为提供了新的理论范式，进一步深化了对人工量子体系中非平衡自旋动力学的理解。

Ultracold atoms in optical lattices serve as a tool to model different physical phenomena appearing originally in condensed matter. To study magnetic phenomena one needs to engineer synthetic fields as atoms are neutral. Appropriately shaped optical potentials force atoms to mimic charged particles moving in a given field. We present the realization of artificial gauge fields for the observation of anomalous Hall effect. Two species of attractively interacting ultracold fermions are considered to be trapped in a shaken two dimensional triangular lattice. A combination of interaction induced tunneling and shaking can result in an emergent Dice lattice. In such a lattice the staggered synthetic magnetic flux appears and it can be controlled with external parameters. The obtained synthetic fields are non-Abelian. Depending on the tuning of the staggered flux we can obtain either anomalous Hall effect or its quantized version. Our results are reminiscent of Anomalous Hall conductivity in spin-orbit coupled ferromagnets.

超冷原子量子模拟是当前物理学一个重要的前沿研究方向. 它利用超冷原子量子性能优越、相互作用可调等优势, 针对特定重要物理模型开展量子模拟研究, 取得令人瞩目的成果. 近年来, 通过等效维度概念的引入, 量子模拟的范畴被大大拓展, 不再局限于实空间. 超冷原子和等效维度的结合, 可构建高度可编辑的通用量子模拟平台. 超冷原子动量晶格量子模拟就是其中具有代表性的研究方向, 它使用原子的外态(动量态)作为等效维度, 充分利用超冷原子动量分布高度集中、相干时间长的优势, 构建了单格点高度可调的格点模型, 在拓扑物理、局域化效应、非厄米物理等领域取得重要研究进展, 成为一个广受关注的平台体系. 本文对近年来动量晶格研究进展进行综述, 梳理其技术发展脉络, 讨论其物理研究内涵, 并展望了未来发展方向.

Ultracold atoms in optical lattices serve as a tool to model different physical phenomena appearing originally in condensed matter. To study magnetic phenomena one needs to engineer synthetic fields as atoms are neutral. Appropriately shaped optical potentials force atoms to mimic charged particles moving in a given field. We present the realization of artificial gauge fields for the observation of anomalous Hall effect. Two species of attractively interacting ultracold fermions are considered to be trapped in a shaken two dimensional triangular lattice. A combination of interaction induced tunneling and shaking can result in an emergent Dice lattice. In such a lattice the staggered synthetic magnetic flux appears and it can be controlled with external parameters. The obtained synthetic fields are non-Abelian. Depending on the tuning of the staggered flux we can obtain either anomalous Hall effect or its quantized version. Our results are reminiscent of Anomalous Hall conductivity in spin-orbit coupled ferromagnets.