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Diamond and Related Materials

Boosting the density of NV centers in diamond through nanosecond sub-bandgap laser irradiation

Rümeysa Salci, Okan Özdemir, Muhammed Bilgin, Mubashir Mansoor, Ahmet Oral, Aisha Gokce Ozbay, Leyla Çolakerol Arslan

Published Jul 2, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113914

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Construction of femtosecond laser irradiation platform for creating quantum sensing devices

Ishino Masahiko, Thanhhung Dinh

Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are expected to be quantum sensing devices such as magnetic and electric fields, temperature, pressure and so on. The generation of NV centers by irradiations of femtosecond laser pulses has been reported. Femtosecond laser can write NV centers in diamond directly and this direct writing can realize a flexible spatial arrangement of NV centers. As the application of the laser system, we have constructed the femtosecond laser irradiation platform for creating the quantum sensing device, such as NV centers. The femtosecond laser pulse is focused on a sample surface by an objective lens and laser pulse intensity is controlled by attenuators. By use of this irradiation apparatus, we have irradiated diamond samples to create NV centers. We could confirm several graphitization spots, but the signal intensity from NV center did not exist. To use the irradiation platform for creating NV centers in diamond, it needs some improvement, more increasing the repetition rate of irradiation laser and/or impurity nitrogen density in diamond sample.

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Physics Letters A•Jul 11, 2010•1 citation

Laser-induced heating in a high-density ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond and its effects on quantum sensing

Dewen Duan, Vinaya K. Kavatamane, Sri Ranjini Arumugam +5 more

Among quantum sensors, the single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defect in diamond has the highest sensitivity-to-size factor. For instance, a single-NV spin when used as a magnetometer could achieve sensitivities of the order of nT/Hz, while the dimensions of the sensor are merely atomic in size. The sensitivity is limited only by the photon shot noise. One method to boost the magnetometer sensitivity to pico-tesla scales is to use many NV defect centers as an ensemble sensor [Phys. Rev. X5, 041001 (2015)PRXHAE2160-330810.1103/PhysRevX.5.041001]. However, during the absorption-emission (fluorescence) optical cycles, the NV centers transfer a portion of the irradiation laser energy into phonons and heat the diamond matrix. This results in unintended fluorescence decrease, spin resonance lines shifts, and fluctuations. Hence, the advantages gained by packing a high density of NV centers are significantly reduced. Here we investigate the heat generation of ensemble NV centers in micrometer-sized diamond under 532 nm laser irradiation and its effects pertaining to sensing applications. These investigations help us to find strategies that mitigate the detrimental effects of heating and yet permits the use of ensemble NV defects for improved metrology applications.

Optics Letters•May 24, 2019•18 citations
Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are expected to be quantum sensing devices such as magnetic and electric fields, temperature, pressure and so on. The generation of NV centers by irradiations of femtosecond laser pulses has been reported. Femtosecond laser can write NV centers in diamond directly and this direct writing can realize a flexible spatial arrangement of NV centers. As the application of the laser system, we have constructed the femtosecond laser irradiation platform for creating the quantum sensing device, such as NV centers. The femtosecond laser pulse is focused on a sample surface by an objective lens and laser pulse intensity is controlled by attenuators. By use of this irradiation apparatus, we have irradiated diamond samples to create NV centers. We could confirm several graphitization spots, but the signal intensity from NV center did not exist. To use the irradiation platform for creating NV centers in diamond, it needs some improvement, more increasing the repetition rate of irradiation laser and/or impurity nitrogen density in diamond sample.
Among quantum sensors, the single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defect in diamond has the highest sensitivity-to-size factor. For instance, a single-NV spin when used as a magnetometer could achieve sensitivities of the order of nT/Hz, while the dimensions of the sensor are merely atomic in size. The sensitivity is limited only by the photon shot noise. One method to boost the magnetometer sensitivity to pico-tesla scales is to use many NV defect centers as an ensemble sensor [Phys. Rev. X5, 041001 (2015)PRXHAE2160-330810.1103/PhysRevX.5.041001]. However, during the absorption-emission (fluorescence) optical cycles, the NV centers transfer a portion of the irradiation laser energy into phonons and heat the diamond matrix. This results in unintended fluorescence decrease, spin resonance lines shifts, and fluctuations. Hence, the advantages gained by packing a high density of NV centers are significantly reduced. Here we investigate the heat generation of ensemble NV centers in micrometer-sized diamond under 532 nm laser irradiation and its effects pertaining to sensing applications. These investigations help us to find strategies that mitigate the detrimental effects of heating and yet permits the use of ensemble NV defects for improved metrology applications.