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Physics Letters A

Electromagnetically induced transparency and lasing without inversion in chiral molecules

Somasree Pal, Ambaresh Sahoo, Raju Adhikary, Matteo Venturi, Andrea Alessandrini, Giovanna Salvitti, Davide Tedeschi, Carino Ferrante, Massimiliano Aschi, Andrea Marini

Published Jun 30, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Electromagnetically induced transparency and lasing without inversion are optical manifestations of quantum coherence control. Here we theoretically investigate these effects in a chiral molecule, coherently driven by an optical pump, finding that signal fields can undergo chiroptical absorption quenching or amplification within particular spectral windows at pump intensities as low as ≈ 1kW/cm 2 . Our calculations reveal that molecular chirality has the capacity to dramatically alter quantum coherence phenomena at peculiar wavelength ranges, modulating efficiently circular dichroism depending on the polarisation state of both pump and signal fields and the molecular orientation. We find that, for a given molecular orientation, the dissymmetry factor probed upon right/left-circular polarisation excitation by the signal can get maximised by pump polarisation tuning and the signal direction. By averaging over impinging signal orientations, we find that the orientation-averaged dissymmetry factor can diverge owing to electromagnetically induced transparency producing vanishing averaged absorption cross-sections.

DOI
10.1016/j.physleta.2026.131955

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Electromagnetically induced transparency and lasing without inversion are optical manifestations of quantum coherence control. Here we theoretically investigate these effects in a chiral molecule, coherently driven by an optical pump, finding that signal fields can undergo chiroptical absorption quenching or amplification within particular spectral windows at pump intensities as low as ≈ 1kW/cm 2 . Our calculations reveal that molecular chirality has the capacity to dramatically alter quantum coherence phenomena at peculiar wavelength ranges, modulating efficiently circular dichroism depending on the polarisation state of both pump and signal fields and the molecular orientation. We find that, for a given molecular orientation, the dissymmetry factor probed upon right/left-circular polarisation excitation by the signal can get maximised by pump polarisation tuning and the signal direction. By averaging over impinging signal orientations, we find that the orientation-averaged dissymmetry factor can diverge owing to electromagnetically induced transparency producing vanishing averaged absorption cross-sections.
We report electromagnetically induced gain in a highly degenerate two-level rotational vibrational molecular system. Using two photon (Raman-type) interaction with right and left circularly polarized pump and probe waves, the Zeeman coherence is established within the manifold of degenerate sublevels belonging to a rotational vibrational eigenstate. We analytically and numerically calculate the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility for a Doppler-broadened molecular transition for an arbitrary high rotational angular momentum $(J\ensuremath{\ge}20)$. It is shown that for a QQQ-type open transition, a weak probe will experience an electromagnetically induced gain in presence of a strong copropagating pump wave. The inversionless gain originates due to cancellation of absorption from the interference of the coupled $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$- and V-type excitation channels in an NNN-type configuration. A detailed analysis of the optical susceptibility as a function of Doppler detuning explains how the gain bands are generated in a narrow transparency window from the overlapping contributions of different velocity groups. It is shown that the orientation dependent coherent interaction in presence of a strong pump induces narrow resonances for the probe susceptibility. The locations, intensity, and sign (positive or negative susceptibility) of these resonances are decided by the frequency detuning of the Doppler group and the strength of the coupling field. The availability of high power tunable quantum cascade lasers covering a spectral region from about 4 to $12\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{m}$ opens up the possibility of investigating the molecular vibrational rotational transitions for a variety of coherent effects.
Chiral light-matter interactions have emerged as a promising area in biophysics and quantum optics. Great progress in enhancing chiral light-matter interactions have been investigated through passive resonators or spontaneous emission. Nevertheless, the interaction between chiral biomolecules and stimulated emission remains unexplored. Here we introduce the concept of a biological chiral laser by amplifying chiral light-matter interactions in an active resonator through stimulated emission process. Green fluorescent proteins or chiral biomolecules encapsulated in Fabry-Perot microcavity served as the gain material while excited by either left-handed or right-handed circularly polarized pump laser. Owing to the nonlinear pump energy dependence of stimulated emission, significant enhancement of chiral light-matter interactions was demonstrated. Detailed experiments and theory revealed that a lasing dissymmetry factor is determined by molecular absorption dissymmetry factor at its excitation wavelength. Finally, chirality transfer was investigated under a stimulated emission process through resonance energy transfer. Our findings elucidate the mechanism of stimulated chiral light-matter interactions, providing better understanding of light-matter interaction in biophysics, chiral sensing, and quantum biophotonics.
Chiral light-matter interactions have emerged as a promising area in biophysics and quantum optics. Remarkable progress in enhancing chiral light-matter interactions have been investigated through passive resonators or spontaneous emission. Nevertheless, the interaction between chiral biomolecules and stimulated emission remains unexplored. Here we introduce the concept of a biological chiral laser by amplifying chiral light-matter interactions in an active resonator through stimulated emission process. Green fluorescent proteins or chiral biomolecules encapsulated in Fabry-Perot microcavity served as the gain material while excited by either left-handed or righthanded circularly polarized pump laser. Owing to the nonlinear pump energy dependence of stimulated emission, significant enhancement of chiral light-matter interactions was demonstrated. Detailed experiments and theory revealed that lasing dissymmetry factor is determined by molecular absorption dissymmetry factor at its excitation wavelength. Finally, chirality transfer was investigated under stimulated emission process through Forster resonance energy transfer. Our findings elucidate the mechanism of stimulated chiral light-matter interactions, providing new prospects for understanding light-matter interaction in biophysics, chiral sensing, and quantum photonics.
Chiral materials possess some unusual properties which make them interesting for useful applications in nanophotonics. In this work, we review the basic techniques used to achieve electromagnetically induced chirality in initially isotropic materials and mention some of their novel operations. Next, we investigate the transmission characteristics of two different multi-level atomic models in which chirality is introduced by magnetoelectric cross coupling of external electromagnetic fields with atomic transitions, leading to quantum coherence. The left-(lcp) and right-circularly polarized (rcp) beams, the two eigenmodes of a chiral medium, are shown to transmit in an anti-symmetric manner with respect to the probe field detuning and control field magnitude variations. This selective transmission of a particular mode at specific detunings may find applications in optical isolation and storage. We further demonstrate that the driving control fields and their effective phase can be used as tuning knobs to manipulate the medium's birefringence and the transmission of the eigenmodes.
Abstract Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) plays an essential role in quantum communication and photon storage. Investigating the EIT phenomenon in molecular aggregates is of significant importance for understanding the coherence properties and nonlinear behaviors of the systems. In this paper, we consider molecular aggregates composed of identical molecules, including single and double molecular chains, and investigate their dynamics under the combined excitation of probe and control light fields. Using the truncated sets of differential equations derived from the quantum Master equation, populations of the excited band and their properties are obtained. The results show that EIT occurs when the frequency of the control light field is near-resonant with the transition frequency between the first excited state and a higher excited state of the individual molecules. EIT is more likely to appear under weak coupling conditions, while a stronger field intensity leads to the appearance of the Autler–Townes phenomenon. The clear EIT window can take place for some specific orientations of the molecular dipole moments. A transition between electromagnetically induced absorption and EIT is found in a double chain configuration. Our study provides a platform for understanding the EIT mechanism in molecular systems and offers theoretical guidance for the design of molecular-based quantum devices.
Coherent interactions of laser fields with resonant atomic and molecular transitions significantly modify optical characteristics of the medium via quantum interference between transition amplitudes. This interference can result in reduction or enhancement of the laser absorption, decrease of the group velocity of the laser pulse etc. The origin of all these processes is electromagnetically induced transparency. This effect is intensively investigated in the connection with its multiple applications: lasing without inversion, group velocity control, quantum optical storage and quantum computing, effective nonlinear interactions of low field intensities, high-precision measurements, spectroscopy and metrology, plasma diagnostics, atomic clock etc.