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Anonymous Computation in Quantum Networks

Zhaoxu Ji, Huanguo Zhang

Published Jun 29, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Entanglement swapping is not only one of the core resources of quantum information processing, but also the backbone of long-distance quantum communication and quantum networks. Naturally, quantum information processing schemes based on entanglement swapping, such as quantum cryptography protocols and quantum algorithms, are more adaptable to quantum network environments. In this paper, we achieve quantum anonymous computation through entanglement swapping, the basic idea of which comes from our previous work [2019, Quantum Information Processing, 18(6), 168]. We propose two quantum anonymous computation protocols, in which entanglement swapping plays a crucial role in transmitting information and enhancing information security.

DOI
10.20944/preprints202606.2091.v1

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Entanglement swapping is not only one of the core resources of quantum information processing, but also the backbone of long-distance quantum communication and quantum networks. Naturally, quantum information processing schemes based on entanglement swapping, such as quantum cryptography protocols and quantum algorithms, are more adaptable to quantum network environments. In this paper, we achieve quantum anonymous computation through entanglement swapping, the basic idea of which comes from our previous work [2019, Quantum Information Processing, 18(6), 168]. We propose two quantum anonymous computation protocols, in which entanglement swapping plays a crucial role in transmitting information and enhancing information security.
An efficient information-theoretically secure protocol is proposed. It is built for the anonymous transmission of quantum information. In our proposed scheme, a photon of hybrid entangled pairs is travelling through the participants. After operations performed by the participants, anonymous entanglement transmission channels are generated between the sender and receiver by hybrid entanglement swapping. Our protocol achieves both sender anonymity and receiver anonymity against an active adversary and tolerates any number of corrupt participants. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our protocol has great capacity to teleportate quantum message with fewer resources.
Quantum cyber security aims to examine the communication and computation of security within a distributed quantum network. Two primary security concerns, privacy and anonymity, are typically investigated in quantum computational tasks. Therefore, this study proposes a state-of-the-art, single-server, multi-user anonymous blind quantum computation protocol, wherein the anonymous entanglement shared between the server and user is utilized as a quantum resource for blind quantum computation tasks. The anonymity, blindness, and security analyses demonstrated that the proposed protocol can perform blind quantum computation tasks while maintaining the confidentiality of the user identity. Compared with conventional blind quantum computation protocols, this protocol provides additional security for blind quantum computing and serves as a novel design idea for anonymous quantum cryptography protocols.
Entanglement swapping is one of the most peculiar quantum mechanical phenomena, which is a key technology to realize long-distance quantum communication and build quantum networks, and has extensive and important applications in quantum information processing. In this paper, we combine some principles of classical physics with those of quantum mechanics to propose a new theoretical framework and design a new algorithm for entanglement swapping based on it, the basic idea of which is to construct two entangled states after entanglement swapping from all possible observations. We demonstrate the algorithm by the entanglement swapping between two bipartite entangled states, and derive the results of entanglement swapping between two Bell states, which are consistent with those obtained through algebraic calculations. Our work not only provide new perspectives for exploring quantum mechanical phenomena and the principles behind them, but also can trigger in-depth exploration of the mysteries of nature.
Entanglement swapping is a key technology to realize long-distance quantum communication and build quantum networks, and has extensive and important applications in quantum information processing. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm to obtain entanglement swapping results, which is based on the idea of constructing new entangled states after entanglement swapping from all possible observation outcomes. We demonstrate the algorithm by the entanglement swapping between two bipartite entangled states, and derive the results of entanglement swapping between two 2-level Bell states, which are consistent with those obtained through algebraic calculations. Our work can provide new perspectives for thinking about the principles of quantum mechanics and trigger in-depth exploration of quantum mechanics principles and natural mysteries.
Entanglement swapping is the cornerstone of quantum networks,while quantum information masking is a method to ensure data privacy. The combination of the two can open new perspectives for ensuring information security in quantum network environments. In this paper, we study entanglement swapping with information masking. We consider the entanglement swapping that combines several quantum information masking methods, including the entanglement swapping of two-particle entangled states and multi-particle ones. Based on our previous work [2025, arXiv, 2009.02555v11], we derive the entanglement swapping formulas. Besides, we put forward some hypotheses about observers, which, although not the main focus of this paper, can inspire people to rethink quantum mechanics phenomena and the relationship between humans and nature.
Entanglement dynamics plays a crucial role in the development of scalable quantum information processing architectures. Quantum networks, composed of interconnected quantum nodes, offer promising avenues for the distribution and manipulation of quantum information over long distances. In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of entanglement in quantum networks and explore strategies for achieving scalable quantum information processing. the generation, distribution, and preservation of entanglement in various network topologies and investigate the impact of noise and decoherence on entanglement dynamics. Furthermore, we discuss potential applications of entanglement in quantum communication, cryptography, and computation, highlighting the importance of understanding and controlling entanglement dynamics for realizing practical quantum technologies. Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulations, we provide insights into the challenges and opportunities associated with entanglement dynamics in quantum networks, paving the way towards scalable quantum information processing architectures.