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Quantum-Safe Smart Grids: A Survey on PQC andAI-Driven Security for EV Charging Infrastructure

Yoonjib Kim, Saqib Hakak, Taekyoung Kwon

Jan 1, 20260 citations

QKD-Enhanced Attribute-Based Encryption for Secure and Access Control in Smart Grid Databases

Cuiling Liu, Jing Zhang, Zhen Yao +3 more

The energy and power industry faces increasing data security challenges amidst its digital transformation. Databases, as the foundation of digital infrastructure, require advanced encryption techniques to safeguard sensitive information. This paper proposes a novel encryption framework, QKD-ABE, that integrates Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) with Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) to enhance the confidentiality, integrity, and access control of power system data. QKD enables unconditional security in key distribution by leveraging quantum mechanics, effectively preventing key interception and tampering. ABE provides fine-grained access control by enforcing encryption policies based on user attributes, ensuring that only authorized individuals can access private data. The proposed scheme also demonstrates strong resistance to common security threats, including man-in-the-middle and eavesdropping attacks, through quantum measurement disturbance and Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBerr) verification. Experimental results and theoretical analysis indicate that QKD-ABE offers a secure, efficient, and scalable solution for protecting sensitive data in modern smart grid environments.The energy and power industry faces increasing data security challenges amidst its digital transformation. Databases, as the foundation of digital infrastructure, require advanced encryption techniques to safeguard sensitive information. This paper proposes a novel encryption framework, QKD-ABE, that integrates Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) with Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) to enhance the confidentiality, integrity, and access control of power system data. QKD enables unconditional security in key distribution by leveraging quantum mechanics, effectively preventing key interception and tampering. ABE provides fine-grained access control by enforcing encryption policies based on user attributes, ensuring that only authorized individuals can access private data. The proposed scheme also demonstrates strong resistance to common security threats, including man-in-the-middle and eavesdropping attacks, through quantum measurement disturbance and Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBerr) verification. Experimental results and theoretical analysis indicate that QKD-ABE offers a secure, efficient, and scalable solution for protecting sensitive data in modern smart grid environments.

International Symposium on Computer Engineering and Intelligent Communications (ISCEIC)Nov 24, 20250 citations

A Quantum Secure Smart Grid Data Communication Model

Pooja Rani, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Anshu Parashar +1 more

IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure ComputingJan 1, 20260 citations

Quantum Key Distribution Mechanism for Smart Grids

Hua Dai, Xin Sun, Bang Lv +2 more

Lecture notes in electrical engineeringJan 1, 20252 citations

Lightweight Quantum Authentication and Key Agreement Scheme in the Smart Grid Environment

Zehui Jiang, Runhua Shi

Smart grids leverage smart terminal devices to collect information from the user side, achieving accurate load forecasting and optimized dispatching of power systems, effectively improving power supply efficiency and reliability while reducing energy consumption. However, the development of quantum technology poses severe challenges to the communication security of smart grids that rely on traditional cryptography. To address this security risk in the quantum era, this paper draws on the core idea of quantum private comparison and proposes a quantum-secure identity authentication and key agreement scheme suitable for smart grids. This scheme uses Bell states as quantum resources, combines hash functions and XOR operations, and can adapt to resource-constrained terminal devices. Through a security proof, it verifies the scheme's ability to resist various attacks; the experimental results further show that the scheme still has good robustness in different noise environments, providing a feasible technical path for the secure communication of smart grids in the quantum environment and having clear practical engineering value.Smart grids leverage smart terminal devices to collect information from the user side, achieving accurate load forecasting and optimized dispatching of power systems, effectively improving power supply efficiency and reliability while reducing energy consumption. However, the development of quantum technology poses severe challenges to the communication security of smart grids that rely on traditional cryptography. To address this security risk in the quantum era, this paper draws on the core idea of quantum private comparison and proposes a quantum-secure identity authentication and key agreement scheme suitable for smart grids. This scheme uses Bell states as quantum resources, combines hash functions and XOR operations, and can adapt to resource-constrained terminal devices. Through a security proof, it verifies the scheme's ability to resist various attacks; the experimental results further show that the scheme still has good robustness in different noise environments, providing a feasible technical path for the secure communication of smart grids in the quantum environment and having clear practical engineering value.

EntropySep 14, 20253 citations

Application of Quantum Resistant Cryptography to Smart Grid deployments

David Domingo Martín, Rodrigo Martín Sánchez-Ledesma, Marta Irene García Cid

Apr 7, 20260 citations

Quantum-Driven Secure and Private Access Control in Multi-User Smart Grid Systems

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