Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing

A Quantum Secure Smart Grid Data Communication Model

Pooja Rani, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Anshu Parashar, Deepika Saxena

Published Jan 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1109/tdsc.2026.3743390

Related papers

Quantum Key Distribution Applications for Enhancing Smart Grid Security Against False Data Injection Attacks

Brundavanam Seshasai, Ebha Koley, Subhojit Ghosh

IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation (SEFET)•Jul 1, 2026•0 citations

Quantum-Based Multifaceted Cybersecurity Model for Smart Grid Data Communications

Pooja Rani, A. P. N. Singh, Anshu Parashar +1 more

The security of data communication in Smart Grids (SGs) is traditionally reliant on cryptosystems based on the computational difficulty of certain mathematical problems. However, the advent of quantum computers, with their unparalleled computational power, threatens the robustness of classical cryptographic methods. Despite significant research into quantum-secure solutions, limited attention has been given to quantum-based security in SGs. To address these emerging security challenges, this paper proposes a quantum-based multifaceted secure communication model (Qu-MCM) for SGs, offering unconditional security by leveraging quantum mechanical principles. The key contributions include: quantum encryption of power consumption data using truly random keys, a quantum-secure key exchange protocol between power users and utility suppliers, and data authentication and integrity verification through quantum fingerprinting. The model is experimentally evaluated via simulations on classical computer and actual quantum hardware using the IBM Qiskit platform. The experimental results show that the encryption algorithm achieves an accuracy of 81.73%, while the authentication algorithm reaches 87.4% through a probability distribution graph where accuracy signifies the dominance of correct outputs. The results demonstrate the validity of the proposed model, with a comprehensive security analysis confirming its perfect security, where perfect security is defined as the maximally mixed states achieved after encryption that is impossible to break for an eavesdropper equipped with quantum resources.

IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering•Jan 1, 2026•1 citation

Application of Quantum Resistant Cryptography to Smart Grid deployments

David Domingo Martín, Rodrigo Martín Sánchez-Ledesma, Marta Irene García Cid

•Apr 7, 2026•0 citations

Quantum computing for smart grid

Fanfan Lin, Zeheng Wang, Chao Ren +7 more

Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering•May 21, 2026•2 citations

A Lightweight Authentication and Key Agreement Protocol for IoT-Enabled Smart Grid System

Chen Chen, Hua Guo, Yapeng Wu +3 more

The IoT-enabled Smart Grid uses IoT smart devices to collect the private electricity data of consumers and send it to service providers over the public network, which leads to some new security problems. To ensure the communication security in a smart grid, many researches are focusing on using authentication and key agreement protocols to protect against cyber attacks. Unfortunately, most of them are vulnerable to various attacks. In this paper, we analyze the security of an existent protocol by introducing an insider attacker, and show that their scheme cannot guarantee the claimed security requirements under their adversary model. Then, we present an improved lightweight authentication and key agreement protocol, which aims to enhance the security of IoT-enabled smart grid systems. Furthermore, we proved the security of the scheme under the real-or-random oracle model. The result shown that the improved scheme is secure in the presence of both internal attackers and external attackers. Compared with the original protocol, the new protocol is more secure, while keeping the same computation efficiency. Both of them are 0.0552 ms. The communication of the new protocol is 236 bytes, which is acceptable in smart grids. In other words, with similar communication and computation cost, we proposed a more secure protocol for smart grids.

Sensors•Apr 14, 2023•10 citations

LACP-SG: Lightweight Authentication Protocol for Smart Grids

Muhammad Tanveer, Hisham Alasmary

Smart grid (SG) recently acquired considerable attention due to their utilization in sustaining demand response management in power systems. Smart meters (SMs) deployed in SG systems collect and transmit data to the server. Since all communications between SM and the server occur through a public communication channel, the transmitted data are exposed to adversary attacks. Therefore, security and privacy are essential requirements in the SG system for ensuring reliable communication. Additionally, an AuthentiCation (AC) protocol designed for secure communication should be lightweight so it can be applied in a resource-constrained environment. In this article, we devise a lightweight AC protocol for SG named LACP-SG. LACP-SG employs the hash function, "Esch256", and "authenticated encryption" to accomplish the AC phase. The proposed LACP-SG assures secure data exchange between SM and server by validating the authenticity of SM. For encrypted communication, LACP-SG enables SM and the server to establish a session key (SEK). We use the random oracle model to substantiate the security of the established SEK. Moreover, we ascertain that LACP-SG is guarded against different security vulnerabilities through Scyther-based security validation and informal security analysis. Furthermore, comparing LACP-SG with other related AC protocols demonstrates that LACP-SG is less resource-intensive while rendering better security characteristics.

Sensors•Feb 19, 2023•25 citations
The security of data communication in Smart Grids (SGs) is traditionally reliant on cryptosystems based on the computational difficulty of certain mathematical problems. However, the advent of quantum computers, with their unparalleled computational power, threatens the robustness of classical cryptographic methods. Despite significant research into quantum-secure solutions, limited attention has been given to quantum-based security in SGs. To address these emerging security challenges, this paper proposes a quantum-based multifaceted secure communication model (Qu-MCM) for SGs, offering unconditional security by leveraging quantum mechanical principles. The key contributions include: quantum encryption of power consumption data using truly random keys, a quantum-secure key exchange protocol between power users and utility suppliers, and data authentication and integrity verification through quantum fingerprinting. The model is experimentally evaluated via simulations on classical computer and actual quantum hardware using the IBM Qiskit platform. The experimental results show that the encryption algorithm achieves an accuracy of 81.73%, while the authentication algorithm reaches 87.4% through a probability distribution graph where accuracy signifies the dominance of correct outputs. The results demonstrate the validity of the proposed model, with a comprehensive security analysis confirming its perfect security, where perfect security is defined as the maximally mixed states achieved after encryption that is impossible to break for an eavesdropper equipped with quantum resources.
The IoT-enabled Smart Grid uses IoT smart devices to collect the private electricity data of consumers and send it to service providers over the public network, which leads to some new security problems. To ensure the communication security in a smart grid, many researches are focusing on using authentication and key agreement protocols to protect against cyber attacks. Unfortunately, most of them are vulnerable to various attacks. In this paper, we analyze the security of an existent protocol by introducing an insider attacker, and show that their scheme cannot guarantee the claimed security requirements under their adversary model. Then, we present an improved lightweight authentication and key agreement protocol, which aims to enhance the security of IoT-enabled smart grid systems. Furthermore, we proved the security of the scheme under the real-or-random oracle model. The result shown that the improved scheme is secure in the presence of both internal attackers and external attackers. Compared with the original protocol, the new protocol is more secure, while keeping the same computation efficiency. Both of them are 0.0552 ms. The communication of the new protocol is 236 bytes, which is acceptable in smart grids. In other words, with similar communication and computation cost, we proposed a more secure protocol for smart grids.
Smart grid (SG) recently acquired considerable attention due to their utilization in sustaining demand response management in power systems. Smart meters (SMs) deployed in SG systems collect and transmit data to the server. Since all communications between SM and the server occur through a public communication channel, the transmitted data are exposed to adversary attacks. Therefore, security and privacy are essential requirements in the SG system for ensuring reliable communication. Additionally, an AuthentiCation (AC) protocol designed for secure communication should be lightweight so it can be applied in a resource-constrained environment. In this article, we devise a lightweight AC protocol for SG named LACP-SG. LACP-SG employs the hash function, "Esch256", and "authenticated encryption" to accomplish the AC phase. The proposed LACP-SG assures secure data exchange between SM and server by validating the authenticity of SM. For encrypted communication, LACP-SG enables SM and the server to establish a session key (SEK). We use the random oracle model to substantiate the security of the established SEK. Moreover, we ascertain that LACP-SG is guarded against different security vulnerabilities through Scyther-based security validation and informal security analysis. Furthermore, comparing LACP-SG with other related AC protocols demonstrates that LACP-SG is less resource-intensive while rendering better security characteristics.