In this study, the Aharonov-Bohm effect, which is conventionally interpreted as a "non-local" and probabilistic phenomenon in standard quantum mechanics, is established on a strictly deterministic foundation via the Cosmic Texture Theory. The vector potential (A), regarded in classical electrodynamics as a mere mathematical artifact, is redefined as the local Internal Tension Gradient (∇Φd) of the cosmic texture matrix that uninterruptedly permeates the universe. Furthermore, the absolute constancy of the speed of light (c) and its independence from the source's velocity are explained through the matrix's intrinsic existential rhythm—its inherent transmission capacity. By unifying the propagation velocity of both electromagnetic disturbances (photons) and macroscopic gravitational perturbations under the same structural property of the texture, this model rejects quantum uncertainty and observer-dependent paradoxes, reinforcing a realistic and objective framework for physics.Turan Gerger Independent Researcher ORCID: 0009-0007-0856-5419 Email: turangerger@protonmail.com
In this study, the Aharonov-Bohm effect, which is conventionally interpreted as a "non-local" and probabilistic phenomenon in standard quantum mechanics, is established on a strictly deterministic foundation via the Cosmic Texture Theory. The vector potential (A), regarded in classical electrodynamics as a mere mathematical artifact, is redefined as the local Internal Tension Gradient (∇Φd) of the cosmic texture matrix that uninterruptedly permeates the universe. Furthermore, the absolute constancy of the speed of light (c) and its independence from the source's velocity are explained through the matrix's intrinsic existential rhythm—its inherent transmission capacity. By unifying the propagation velocity of both electromagnetic disturbances (photons) and macroscopic gravitational perturbations under the same structural property of the texture, this model rejects quantum uncertainty and observer-dependent paradoxes, reinforcing a realistic and objective framework for physics.Turan Gerger Independent Researcher ORCID: 0009-0007-0856-5419 Email: turangerger@protonmail.com
This updated preprint (v2) investigates the fundamental ontological contradiction between macroscopic chemical determinism and microscopic quantum uncertainty. Standard interpretations of quantum mechanics propose a micro-world governed by causeless randomness and probability waves. However, this study argues that the flawless precision observed in macroscopic chemistry and industrial systems necessitates an underlying, strictly deterministic physical reality operating at the hardware level of the universe. To resolve this paradox, the paper introduces the "Cosmic Texture" (Texton) Model, which redefines the universe not as an empty void, but as a continuous, highly elastic, and compressible fluid substratum. Within this framework, quantum uncertainty is not a fundamental law of nature, but the deterministic result of the unmapped hydrodynamic background noise of this texton sea and the inherently destructive nature of measurement methods. Key concepts explored and expanded in this version include: Hydrodynamic Phase Transitions & Baroclinic Vorticity: Rejecting mass-energy duality, the model defines particles as varying physical phases of the texton fluid. Linear compression waves (energy) transition into highly dense, stable, rigid vortices (matter) via baroclinic torque (∇ρ×∇P) during high-energy collisions. Charge as Pressure Gradients: Electric charge and attractive forces are redefined mechanically as hydrostatic pressure and central vacuum gradients within the continuous fluid network. Mechanical Wave Collapse (The Observer Effect): The "collapse" of probability waves is explained via classical fluid dynamics. A measurement shockwave causes a diffuse electron cloud to implode into a constricted state. Exceeding its structural carrying capacity, the vortex reflexively expels excess energy (photon emission) and returns to its stable limit cycle. Non-Local Determinism: Bell's non-locality is preserved through the De Broglie-Bohm pilot-wave theory, where the abstract "quantum potential" is physically identified as real hydrostatic pressure and tension gradients within the texton sea. Spin Quantization: The discrete nature of quantum spin is mathematically grounded in Kelvin's Circulation Theorem, demonstrating that topological fluid knots must exist in integer multiples. Empirical & Phenomenological Validation: Moving beyond theoretical frameworks, this study supports its deterministic model with discrete lattice simulations and macroscopic analogs. Crucially, the hydrodynamic behavior of the Cosmic Texture is corroborated by established laboratory evidence, including: Madelung's hydrodynamic formulation of the Schrödinger equation (1927). Yves Couder's macroscopic walking droplet experiments (2006). The Dynamic Casimir Effect (DCE): Demonstrating the mechanical excitation of the fluid substratum. The SLAC E144 Experiment: Providing evidence for wave-to-vortex phase transitions. The Aharonov-Bohm Effect & Superfluid Vortices: Validating vector potentials as physical momentum flow and confirming the macroscopic quantization of limit cycles. This study presents a testable, causal, and purely mechanical alternative to the Copenhagen interpretation, re-establishing absolute causality in theoretical physics.
The Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect fundamentally demonstrates that electromagnetic potentials, rather than strictly classical fields, play a foundational, observable role in quantum mechanics. While standard quantum theory successfully accommodates this phenomenon via the axiomatic insertion of the minimal coupling principle, a purely geometric interpretation of the gauge potential has historically remained elusive. Building on a previously established complex spacetime framework—where conventional spacetime coordinates are extended into real and imaginary domains—this paper proposes a novel, localized geometric origin for the AB effect. We postulate that the imaginary spatial derivative of the complex wavefunction is physically equivalent to the electromagnetic gauge potential, thereby deriving the minimal coupling prescription directly from spacetime geometry rather than treating it as an independent axiom. Under this framework, the topological phase shift experienced by a charged particle in a field-free region arises naturally from its local evolution through the imaginary dimensions of complex spacetime. Furthermore, by treating the gauge potential as an affine connection or cross-metric term that links real and imaginary dimensions, we successfully redefine the complex metric tensor. This allows the classical electromagnetic field tensor to emerge naturally as the Riemann curvature of the complexified space. This approach provides a unified geometric foundation for both gauge potentials and quantum interference phenomena, resolving previous field-tensor metric limitations while offering a promising mathematical framework for future integrations into relativistic quantum mechanics and cosmic geometry.
A fundamental error is identified in the foundations of current quantum theory. The error is shown to be the source of the various noncausal and unphysical aspects of the theory. When the error is corrected, a new theory arises, which is both local and deterministic, but which nonetheless does not conflict with Bell’s theorem. The new theory reproduces quantitatively all the predictions of current quantum mechanics, with the exception of double-delayed-choice Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) phenomena. A shortcoming in Aspect's experiment testing such phenomena is pointed out, and a definitive experiment is proposed. The EPR paradox is resolved. The uncertainty principle is derived on a causal, deterministic basis. The theory is “automatically ” relativistic; that is, the constancy of the velocity of light c relative to all observers follows as an immediate consequence of the new quantum theory, which constancy thus acquires a simple physical explanation. General relativity also acquires a simple, physical explanation. A pictorial interpretation of Feynman diagrams is obtained. The theory provides a clear physical explanation for the Aharonov–Bohm effect and suggests an explanation for the irreversibility of quantum statistical processes. Quantum statistics, Bose and Fermi, are explained in a simple, pictorial manner. Overall, it is shown that quantum and relativistic phenomena can be understood in an objective manner, in which facts are facts, causality is valid, and reality is real. The theory provides a single framework in which all known physical phenomena can be comprehended, thus accomplishing the objective of a unified field theory. Key words: quantum theory foundations, Bell’s theorem, delayed choice, special relativity, Feynman diagrams, Aharonov–Bohm effect, general relativity, unified theory, reality
The Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect, wherein an electron acquires a phase shift in a field-free region due to electromagnetic potentials, poses a profound challenge to the ontology of quantum mechanics and gauge theories. This paper demonstrates that gauge-invariant explanations, which attribute the phase to measurable quantities, rely on nonlocal and discontinuous mechanism and fail to account for its continuous accumulation along the electron's path—a process evident in the generalized AB effect, where a time-varying magnetic flux induces a phase that builds gradually over time, as predicted by quantum mechanics. Through a new analysis spanning quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics, I argue that the electromagnetic potentials Aμ, fixed in the Lorenz gauge, emerge as the fundamental physical reality, offering a local, relativistically consistent account of the phase’s generation. This exclusion of gauge-invariant paradigms reverberates across gauge theories: it redefines the Higgs mechanism, favoring dynamic potentials over static invariants, and extends to general relativity, where gravitational potentials gμν may anchor spacetime’s substantival reality via a gravitational AB effect. By unraveling the AB phase’s continuous generation—locally mediated by potentials—this study not only addresses a long-standing conundrum but also bridges electromagnetic, gravitational, and Yang-Mills frameworks, offering a unified potential-centric perspective with novel implications for physics and philosophy.
In this article, we start our discussion on the Aharonov-Bohm effect then raise a plausible interpretation within the quantum electrodynamics (QED) framework. We provide a quantum treatment of the source of the electromagnetic potential and argue that the underlying mechanism in AB effect can be viewed as interactions between electrons described by QED theory where the interactions are mediated by virtue photons. On further analysis, we claim that the framework of one particle quantum mechanics (OPQM) can be shown, in general, as a mathematically approximated model which can be reformulated from QED theory. In addition, the classical Maxwell equations are derived from QED scattering process while both classical electromagnetic fields and potentials serve as mathematical tools that are constructed to approximate the interactions among elementary particles described by QED physics, i.e. neither classical fields nor potentials represent any real entities of nature. At the conclusion of this article, we make a few remarks on the hypnosis of the existence of magnetic monopoles.
The Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect—where charged particles exhibit phase shifts in the absence of a classical electromagnetic field—has long challenged the foundations of quantum mechanics. While standard interpretations attribute this to the "reality" of the vector potential, the Theory of Global Irreducible Unfolding (TGIU) offers a radically different perspective: the AB effect is a direct experimental confirmation of the 2D informational substrate underlying 3D reality. In this paper, we demonstrate that the AB effect arises from topological phase-lag in the 2D substrate, where the vector potential (A) represents unrendered informational curvature (∇Φ), and the phase shift is a TEF-regulated adjustment to preserve the ontological invariance of the system (21.7% unrendered information). We further connect this to Ghost Dark Matter (GDM), non-Shannon information, and the ΘC collapse spectrum, showing how the AB effect validates TGIU’s core tenets: that 3D reality is a rendered projection of a 2D archive, and that phase, not force, is the fundamental currency of the universe. This framework resolves the AB effect’s "non-locality paradox" by treating it as a localized fracture in the substrate’s rendering process, with implications for quantum gravity, dark matter, and non-iterative self-organization. Keywords: Aharonov-Bohm Effect, TGIU, 2D Substrate, Informational Latency, Ghost Dark Matter, Non-Shannon Information, ΘC Spectrum, TEF (TGIU Equilibrium Force), Phase-Lag, Quantum Non-Locality.