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IEEE International Conference on Secure IoT, Assured and Trusted Computing (SATC)

Strengthening Two-Way Multi-Relay Networks' Physical Layer Security

M. Ajmal Khan, Sania Urooj, Abdul Razaque, Emaad Khan

Published Mar 24, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This study proposes the approach of using signal space diversity (SSD) to enhance physical layer security (PLS) for cooperative two-way networks with many decode-and-forward (DF) relays. We evaluate a range of secrecy performance metrics to establish the advantages of the proposed approach against conventional architectures. By rotating and interleaving symbols prior to transmission, SSD increases mutual information and secrecy capacity, distinguishing the analysis approach from that of traditional networks. To further boost security, a best relay selection algorithm is implemented, identifying the optimal relay in data exchange between sources. Numerical findings proves the dramatic improvement in secrecy performance of the proposed network. Moreover, the non-zero secrecy capacity probability achieves a$\mathbf{2} \mathbf{~ d B}$gain, and the probability of intercept performance improves by 600 times with multiple relays, strengthening the PLS for the proposed network. These results underscore the capabilities of the proposed network to reinforce security in nextgeneration networks.

DOI
10.1109/satc69565.2026.11542495

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This study proposes the approach of using signal space diversity (SSD) to enhance physical layer security (PLS) for cooperative two-way networks with many decode-and-forward (DF) relays. We evaluate a range of secrecy performance metrics to establish the advantages of the proposed approach against conventional architectures. By rotating and interleaving symbols prior to transmission, SSD increases mutual information and secrecy capacity, distinguishing the analysis approach from that of traditional networks. To further boost security, a best relay selection algorithm is implemented, identifying the optimal relay in data exchange between sources. Numerical findings proves the dramatic improvement in secrecy performance of the proposed network. Moreover, the non-zero secrecy capacity probability achieves a2 dB\mathbf{2} \mathbf{~ d B}2 dBgain, and the probability of intercept performance improves by 600 times with multiple relays, strengthening the PLS for the proposed network. These results underscore the capabilities of the proposed network to reinforce security in nextgeneration networks.
This paper presents the integration of the signal interleaving technique, also known as modulation diversity, into dual-hop, multi-relay cooperative networks to increase physicallayer security (PLS). We investigate, for the first time, the use of interleaving in conjunction with many decode-and-forward (DF) relays to improve secrecy performance and provide a comprehensive analysis of key secrecy metrics. To maximize secrecy, the best relay is dynamically selected utilizing instantaneous channel conditions. The proposed technique increases mutual information and secrecy capacity compared to conventional networks by enabling both the source and selected relay for transmitting distinct signal points towards destination. Our analysis reveals that the proposed network's secrecy outage probability exhibits a10\mathbf{1 0}10-fold improvement over conventional systems. Moreover, the probabilities for non-zero secrecy capacity and the intercept are significantly enhanced, with up to1600\mathbf{1 6 0 0}1600-fold and900\mathbf{9 0 0}900-fold performance gains, respectively. These findings emphasize the capability of the proposed network to reinforce security in nextgeneration networks.
This paper investigates the physical layer security of a two-way cooperative relay system, where two sources communicate with each other directly as well as via an intermediate decode-and-forward (DF) relay. This paper proposes to incorporate modulation diversity into the two-way cooperative relay system to improve its secrecy performance. In this paper, the physical layer security of the two-way cooperative relay system with modulation diversity is explored in detail over Rayleigh fading channels using mathematical analysis and computer simulations. When the modulation diversity is integrated into two sources and the intermediate DF relay, both source and relay cooperatively transmit different symbols, thus increasing the spectral efficiency of the system by exchanging four symbols in three time slots compared to the conventional two-way cooperative relay system which exchanges two symbols in three time slots. Hence, the mutual information of the proposed system is higher than the conventional system that makes the analysis of the proposed system is entirely different than the conventional system. This paper presents the mathematical analysis for the secrecy outage probability, the probability of non-zero secrecy capacity, and the intercept probability of the proposed system. Moreover, it carries out comprehensive computer simulations to validate the mathematical framework. Finally, the results confirm the significant improvement of the two-way cooperative relay system's secrecy performance by incorporating the proposed scheme compared to the conventional system.
We examine the physical-layer security performance of a conventional dual-hop dual-relay (DH-DR) network, where two decode-and-forward relays are used to facilitate the communication from the source to the destination without a direct link between the source and the destination. The conventional DH-DR system employs an ordinary modulation scheme such as a 4-QAM modulation. Thus, we propose a signal-space technique to incorporate into the conventional DH-DR system that significantly improves the security performance of the conventional system. Note that both DF relays do not duplicate the data and instead forward different symbols to the destination because of the signal space technique. We analyze the proposed system for the secrecy outage probability and the intercept probability. The results confirm the 4 dB improvement in secrecy outage probability. Moreover, we assess the secrecy performance of the proposed system and compare it with the conventional system to show the superiority of the proposed system over the conventional one. Furthermore, we use Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the proposed system's performance.
In this paper, signal space diversity (SSD) is proposed to integrate into a dual-hop cooperative relay system to enhance its secrecy performance. A complete investigation on secrecy performance of the cooperative system with a decode- and-forward (DF) relay using SSD over Rayleigh fading channels is carried out in this paper. Due to SSD, both source and intermediate relay cooperate to transmit two different symbols to the destination, thus its mutual information and secrecy capacity is higher than the conventional dual-hop cooperative relay system. Therefore, secrecy analysis of SSD-based cooperative relay system is completely different than conventional dual-hop cooperative relay system. Moreover, secrecy outage probability of the SSD-based cooperative system is compared with the conventional dual-hop cooperative system and it is confirmed that SSD-based cooperative system outperforms the conventional cooperative system. In this paper, the closed-form expressions for the secrecy outage probability, and intercept probability of the SSD-based cooperative system are derived and validated through Monte Carlo simulations. Furthermore, the impact of imperfect channel estimation on the secrecy performance of the SSD-based cooperative relay system is investigated.
In this paper, three different relay and jammers selection schemes are presented to improve the physical layer security of two-way cooperative networks in the presence of multiple cooperating and non-cooperating eavesdroppers. The presented selection schemes are; optimal selection scheme without jamming, optimal selection scheme with conventional jamming, and optimal selection scheme with controlled jamming. The proposed schemes select three intermediate nodes during two communication phases. In the first phase, a friendly jammer is selected to create intentional interference at the eavesdroppers' nodes. In the second phase, two relay nodes are selected; one node is selected to operate as a conventional relay and assists the sources to deliver their data to the corresponding destinations via a Decode-and-Forward (DF) strategy. While the other node behaves as a jammer node in order to confuse the eavesdroppers in this phase. The proposed schemes are analyzed in terms of ergodic secrecy rate and secrecy outage probability. The obtained results show that the jamming schemes outperform the non-jamming schemes in the eavesdroppers' environment. Moreover, cooperating eavesdroppers' further degrade system's secrecy performance than the non-cooperating ones. Finally, a comparison between relay and jammers selection schemes in both one-way and two-way cooperative networks is given in terms of both ergodic secrecy rate and secrecy outage probability metrics.
This paper studies the physical-layer security of a cognitive two-way relay network under a spectrum sharing approach, where two users communicate with each other directly and via a decode-and-forward intermediate relay in the presence of a passive eavesdropper using the spectrum of the primary user. The paper proposes to incorporate coordinate interleaving into the cognitive two-way relay network to enhance its secrecy performance. The coordinate interleaver is applied at both sources and the relay to rotate and interleave the signal points before the transmission which enables to forward each component of the signal over an independent fading channel. The proposed scheme increases the spectral efficiency that is, it transmits more symbols in given time slots, thus increasing the secrecy capacity of the proposed scheme compared to the conventional system. Therefore, the secrecy performance analysis of the proposed scheme is completely different than that of the conventional system. The paper investigates the probability of secrecy outage, probability of intercept, and the probability of non-zero capacity for the proposed scheme. In addition, the paper also compares the secrecy performance of the proposed scheme with the conventional system. Finally, the paper confirms that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional system.