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IEEE International Conference on Secure IoT, Assured and Trusted Computing (SATC)

Securing Dual-Hop Multi-Relay Cooperative Networks Through Signal Interleaving Technique

M. Ajmal Khan, Emaad Khan, Abdul Razaque, Sania Urooj

Published Mar 24, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper presents the integration of the signal interleaving technique, also known as modulation diversity, into dual-hop, multi-relay cooperative networks to increase physicallayer security (PLS). We investigate, for the first time, the use of interleaving in conjunction with many decode-and-forward (DF) relays to improve secrecy performance and provide a comprehensive analysis of key secrecy metrics. To maximize secrecy, the best relay is dynamically selected utilizing instantaneous channel conditions. The proposed technique increases mutual information and secrecy capacity compared to conventional networks by enabling both the source and selected relay for transmitting distinct signal points towards destination. Our analysis reveals that the proposed network's secrecy outage probability exhibits a$\mathbf{1 0}$-fold improvement over conventional systems. Moreover, the probabilities for non-zero secrecy capacity and the intercept are significantly enhanced, with up to$\mathbf{1 6 0 0}$-fold and$\mathbf{9 0 0}$-fold performance gains, respectively. These findings emphasize the capability of the proposed network to reinforce security in nextgeneration networks.

DOI
10.1109/satc69565.2026.11542489

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This paper presents the integration of the signal interleaving technique, also known as modulation diversity, into dual-hop, multi-relay cooperative networks to increase physicallayer security (PLS). We investigate, for the first time, the use of interleaving in conjunction with many decode-and-forward (DF) relays to improve secrecy performance and provide a comprehensive analysis of key secrecy metrics. To maximize secrecy, the best relay is dynamically selected utilizing instantaneous channel conditions. The proposed technique increases mutual information and secrecy capacity compared to conventional networks by enabling both the source and selected relay for transmitting distinct signal points towards destination. Our analysis reveals that the proposed network's secrecy outage probability exhibits a10\mathbf{1 0}10-fold improvement over conventional systems. Moreover, the probabilities for non-zero secrecy capacity and the intercept are significantly enhanced, with up to1600\mathbf{1 6 0 0}1600-fold and900\mathbf{9 0 0}900-fold performance gains, respectively. These findings emphasize the capability of the proposed network to reinforce security in nextgeneration networks.
This study proposes the approach of using signal space diversity (SSD) to enhance physical layer security (PLS) for cooperative two-way networks with many decode-and-forward (DF) relays. We evaluate a range of secrecy performance metrics to establish the advantages of the proposed approach against conventional architectures. By rotating and interleaving symbols prior to transmission, SSD increases mutual information and secrecy capacity, distinguishing the analysis approach from that of traditional networks. To further boost security, a best relay selection algorithm is implemented, identifying the optimal relay in data exchange between sources. Numerical findings proves the dramatic improvement in secrecy performance of the proposed network. Moreover, the non-zero secrecy capacity probability achieves a2 dB\mathbf{2} \mathbf{~ d B}2 dBgain, and the probability of intercept performance improves by 600 times with multiple relays, strengthening the PLS for the proposed network. These results underscore the capabilities of the proposed network to reinforce security in nextgeneration networks.
This paper investigates the physical layer security of a two-way cooperative relay system, where two sources communicate with each other directly as well as via an intermediate decode-and-forward (DF) relay. This paper proposes to incorporate modulation diversity into the two-way cooperative relay system to improve its secrecy performance. In this paper, the physical layer security of the two-way cooperative relay system with modulation diversity is explored in detail over Rayleigh fading channels using mathematical analysis and computer simulations. When the modulation diversity is integrated into two sources and the intermediate DF relay, both source and relay cooperatively transmit different symbols, thus increasing the spectral efficiency of the system by exchanging four symbols in three time slots compared to the conventional two-way cooperative relay system which exchanges two symbols in three time slots. Hence, the mutual information of the proposed system is higher than the conventional system that makes the analysis of the proposed system is entirely different than the conventional system. This paper presents the mathematical analysis for the secrecy outage probability, the probability of non-zero secrecy capacity, and the intercept probability of the proposed system. Moreover, it carries out comprehensive computer simulations to validate the mathematical framework. Finally, the results confirm the significant improvement of the two-way cooperative relay system's secrecy performance by incorporating the proposed scheme compared to the conventional system.
We examine the physical-layer security performance of a conventional dual-hop dual-relay (DH-DR) network, where two decode-and-forward relays are used to facilitate the communication from the source to the destination without a direct link between the source and the destination. The conventional DH-DR system employs an ordinary modulation scheme such as a 4-QAM modulation. Thus, we propose a signal-space technique to incorporate into the conventional DH-DR system that significantly improves the security performance of the conventional system. Note that both DF relays do not duplicate the data and instead forward different symbols to the destination because of the signal space technique. We analyze the proposed system for the secrecy outage probability and the intercept probability. The results confirm the 4 dB improvement in secrecy outage probability. Moreover, we assess the secrecy performance of the proposed system and compare it with the conventional system to show the superiority of the proposed system over the conventional one. Furthermore, we use Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the proposed system's performance.
In this paper, signal space diversity (SSD) is proposed to integrate into a dual-hop cooperative relay system to enhance its secrecy performance. A complete investigation on secrecy performance of the cooperative system with a decode- and-forward (DF) relay using SSD over Rayleigh fading channels is carried out in this paper. Due to SSD, both source and intermediate relay cooperate to transmit two different symbols to the destination, thus its mutual information and secrecy capacity is higher than the conventional dual-hop cooperative relay system. Therefore, secrecy analysis of SSD-based cooperative relay system is completely different than conventional dual-hop cooperative relay system. Moreover, secrecy outage probability of the SSD-based cooperative system is compared with the conventional dual-hop cooperative system and it is confirmed that SSD-based cooperative system outperforms the conventional cooperative system. In this paper, the closed-form expressions for the secrecy outage probability, and intercept probability of the SSD-based cooperative system are derived and validated through Monte Carlo simulations. Furthermore, the impact of imperfect channel estimation on the secrecy performance of the SSD-based cooperative relay system is investigated.
In this paper, a source communicates to the destination with the cooperation of a relay, in the presence of an eavesdropper. All the links undergo Rayleigh fading and perfect decoding at the relays is not considered. The secrecy outage probability expression is evaluated for a decode-and-forward (DF) dual-hop cooperative relay network, both with and without the presence of direct source to eavesdropper transmission link. The performance of the maximal ratio combining (MRC) and selection combining (SC) diversity at the eavesdropper is investigated. Asymptotic and diversity gain analysis for both the single relay and multi-relay system is obtained, when average SNRs of source-relay and relay-destination links are balanced or unbalanced. We have shown that the increase in target secrecy rate and eavesdropper channel quality significantly affects the outage performance of the system. We have investigated the outage probability of optimal relay selection scheme, when either full instantaneous channel state information (ICSI) or statistical channel state information (SCSI) of all the links is available and have shown that there is improvement in the secrecy performance with the increase in the number of relays.
In this paper, we investigate the secrecy outage performance of a dual-hop decode-and-forward (DF) threshold-based cooperative relay network, both with and without the direct links between source-eavesdropper and source-destination. Without assuming that all the relays can always perfectly decode, here we consider that only those relays who satisfy predetermined threshold can correctly decode the message. We have investigated the outage probability of optimal relay selection scheme, when either full instantaneous channel state information (ICSI) or statistical channel state information (SCSI) of all the links is available. We have shown that CSI knowledge at the transmitter can improve secrecy, and the amount of improvement for the outage probability is more when the required rate is low and for low operating SNR. Asymptotic and diversity gain analysis of the secrecy outage for both the single relay and multi-relay system is obtained, when average SNRs of source-relay and relay-destination links are equal or unequal. We have shown that the improvement in predetermined threshold, eavesdropper channel quality, direct links, and required secrecy rate significantly affects the secrecy performance of the system.