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Diamond and Related Materials

Watt-scale NV magnetometry with high sensitivity at sub-hertz frequencies

Jiahong Ying, Junjie Meng, Yunbin Zhu, Zhiyang Yu (1444387), Yijin Xie

Published Jun 4, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113809

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The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color center in diamond has found applications in magnetometry across various geometrical scales. In particular, vector magnetometry using hand-held devices with low power consumption is of interest for mobile and geological applications. However, such a device requires efficient driving of the four different orientations of the NV center, thus placing demands on a broadband microwave resonator that provides a uniform and highly insensitive microwave magnetic field at the resonance frequencies of the NV centers. Here, we propose a unique planar resonator design that enables efficient driving of all four orientations of NV color centers over a 100 MHz range with only 0.5 W of microwave input power and 250 mW of laser power, allowing vector magnetic field measurements. Using the planar resonator to drive NV centers in diamond, a compact vector magnetometer was fabricated and experimentally studied. The sensitivity of the device is about \[{1.2\text{ nT}}/{\sqrt{\text{Hz}}}\;\]. While this is not a record sensitivity for diamond-based magnetometers, this device occupies its own niche as a compact hand-held magnetometer.

quant-pharXiv:2610.13379•Oct 12, 2026
Quantum sensors based on the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond are leading platforms for high-sensitivity magnetometry with nanometer-scale resolution. State-of-the-art implementations, however, typically rely on bulky free-space optics or sacrifice spatial resolution to achieve high sensitivities. Here, we realize an integrated platform that overcomes this trade-off by fabricating monolithic whispering-gallery-mode cavities from a diamond chip containing a high density of NV centers and by evanescently coupling excitation to and photoluminescence from the cavity using a tapered optical fiber. Employing a lock-in-amplified Ramsey magnetometry scheme, we achieve a photon-shot-noise-limited DC sensitivity of 58 nT/Hz58\,\text{nT}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}58nT/Hz​---the best sensitivity reported to date for a nanofabricated cavity-based magnetometer. The microscopic cavity size enables micrometer-scale spatial resolution and low-power operation, while fiber-coupling provides a path to scalable on-chip integration. Arrays of such sensors could enable NV-NMR spectroscopy of sub-nanoliter samples, new magnetic-gradient imaging architectures, and compact biosensing platforms.
Abstract In order to enhance the spin-dependent fluorescence signal coupled with outer fields, accurate positioning of the center of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) in bulk diamond is important in enhancing the sensitivity of the solid-state quantum magnetometry. In this paper, we have developed a new approach of three-dimensional optical scanning techniques for the imaging of variable-density of high concentration of NV centers in the interior of the diamond at the micrometer scale. The research defined the definite trajectories of electrons with different energies to generate NV – centers in diamond based on Monte-Carlo simulation results. Moreover, it also confirmed experimentally that the accurate location for the center of NV – in the diamond is at the depth of 100 μ m, using three-dimensional optical vertical scanning techniques. This research paves the way to produce various depth-confined NV centers, with high coherence, important in wide-field magnetometry applications.
The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color center in diamond has found applications in magnetometry across various geometrical scales. In particular, vector magnetometry using hand-held devices with low power consumption is of interest for mobile and geological applications. However, such a device requires efficient driving of the four different orientations of the NV center, thus placing demands on a broadband microwave resonator that provides a uniform and highly insensitive microwave magnetic field at the resonance frequencies of the NV centers. Here, we propose a unique planar resonator design that enables efficient driving of all four orientations of NV color centers over a 100 MHz range with only 0.5 W of microwave input power and 250 mW of laser power, allowing vector magnetic field measurements. Using the planar resonator to drive NV centers in diamond, a compact vector magnetometer was fabricated and experimentally studied. The sensitivity of the device is about 1.2 nT/Hz  {1.2\text{ nT}}/{\sqrt{\text{Hz}}}\;1.2 nT/Hz​. While this is not a record sensitivity for diamond-based magnetometers, this device occupies its own niche as a compact hand-held magnetometer.