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Physica Scripta

Continuous-variable quantum teleportation based on microring resonator entanglement

Qian Tao, Guangqiang He, J Zhou

Published May 28, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract In the field of quantum information, quantum teleportation, as a highly promising core technology, has attracted widespread attention from researchers worldwide. Quantum entanglement, a special correlation between two or more quantum systems, provides indispensable theoretical support for quantum teleportation. However, current research on quantum teleportation still faces several key challenges, including the preparation of efficient and stable entanglement sources, the high-fidelity maintenance of entangled states, and compatibility with practical communication systems. Microcavity entanglement sources, as a crucial element in quantum teleportation research, are a core component of cavity quantum electrodynamics (Cavity QED) schemes, and their performance directly affects the efficiency and reliability of the entire teleportation system. Addressing these challenges, this paper proposes a quantum teleportation scheme based on a silicon nitride microring resonator as the entanglement source. The feasibility of the scheme is analyzed theoretically and verified via numerical simulation. This scheme utilizes four-wave mixing technology to directly generate high-fidelity polarization-entangled photon pairs in the microcavity. This not only achieves miniaturization and integration of the entanglement source but also significantly improves entanglement generation efficiency through optimized microcavity design, providing a practical solution to overcome the numerical bottlenecks currently faced in quantum teleportation. Using this entanglement source as a quantum channel, a continuous-variable quantum teleportation protocol is designed: Alice performs a Bell state measurement on the unknown input state and the local entangled mode using homodyne detection, while Bob reconstructs the quantum state based on the classical communication results through conditional displacement. This research theoretically establishes the feasibility of microcavity entanglement sources for high-fidelity quantum teleportation, with numerical simulations confirming the predicted performance.

DOI
10.1088/1402-4896/ae7483

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Abstract In the field of quantum information, quantum teleportation, as a highly promising core technology, has attracted widespread attention from researchers worldwide. Quantum entanglement, a special correlation between two or more quantum systems, provides indispensable theoretical support for quantum teleportation. However, current research on quantum teleportation still faces several key challenges, including the preparation of efficient and stable entanglement sources, the high-fidelity maintenance of entangled states, and compatibility with practical communication systems. Microcavity entanglement sources, as a crucial element in quantum teleportation research, are a core component of cavity quantum electrodynamics (Cavity QED) schemes, and their performance directly affects the efficiency and reliability of the entire teleportation system. Addressing these challenges, this paper proposes a quantum teleportation scheme based on a silicon nitride microring resonator as the entanglement source. The feasibility of the scheme is analyzed theoretically and verified via numerical simulation. This scheme utilizes four-wave mixing technology to directly generate high-fidelity polarization-entangled photon pairs in the microcavity. This not only achieves miniaturization and integration of the entanglement source but also significantly improves entanglement generation efficiency through optimized microcavity design, providing a practical solution to overcome the numerical bottlenecks currently faced in quantum teleportation. Using this entanglement source as a quantum channel, a continuous-variable quantum teleportation protocol is designed: Alice performs a Bell state measurement on the unknown input state and the local entangled mode using homodyne detection, while Bob reconstructs the quantum state based on the classical communication results through conditional displacement. This research theoretically establishes the feasibility of microcavity entanglement sources for high-fidelity quantum teleportation, with numerical simulations confirming the predicted performance.
Abstract Quantum teleportation has achieved significant progress in the optical frequency domain but faces persistent challenges, including high transmission losses and limited transmittance. In contrast, the microwave frequency domain offers distinct advantages, such as reduced absorption losses, lower energy consumption, and compatibility with superconducting quantum technologies. To overcome the limitations of optical quantum teleportation, this study presents a microwave-based continuous-variable quantum teleportation (CVQT) scheme designed for open-air environments at room temperature. The proposed approach employs microwave two-mode squeezed states, with entanglement enhanced through quantum scissors operations to mitigate environmental degradation. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the maximum transmission distance of microwave entangled states for CVQT is about 200 m at room temperature. The results also indicate that the microwave CVQT scheme achieves lower attenuation and higher fidelity over short distances compared to optical frequency CVQT under similar weather conditions. Moreover, microwave quantum states exhibit reduced sensitivity to weather-induced variations, highlighting their robustness and practicality for open-air quantum communication applications.
Quantum teleportation allows for the transfer of arbitrary, in principle, unknown quantum states from a sender to a spatially distant receiver, who share an entangled state and can communicate classically. It is the essence of many sophisticated protocols for quantum communication and computation. In order to realize flying qubits in these schemes, photons are an optimal choice. However, teleporting a photonic qubit has been limited due to experimental inefficiencies and restrictions. Major disadvantages have been the probabilistic nature of both entangled resource states and linear-optics Bell-state measurements (BSM), as well as the need for post-selecting the successful events by destroying the teleported qubit. Here, all the above limitations are overcome through a totally distinct, “hybrid” approach: continuous-variable (CV) quantum teleportation of a discrete-variable, photonic qubit. The strength of CV teleportation lies in the on-demand availability of the quadrature-entangled states and the completeness of a BSM in the quadrature bases using linear optics and homodyne detections; this enables fully deterministic, unconditional teleportation of photonic qubits. We implement this kind of “hybrid” teleportation by utilizing a very recent, advanced technology: a broadband CV teleporter and a narrow-band qubit compatible with the teleporter.
We propose a deterministic scheme for teleporting an unknown qubit state through continuous-variable entangled states in superconducting circuits. The qubit is a superconducting two-level system and the bipartite quantum channel is a microwave photonic entangled coherent state between two cavities. A Bell-type measurement performed on the hybrid state of solid and photonic states transfers a discrete-variable unknown electronic state to a continuous-variable photonic cat state in a cavity mode. In order to facilitate the implementation of such complex protocols we propose a design for reducing the self-Kerr nonlinearity in the cavity. The teleporation scheme enables quantum information processing operations with circuit-QED based on entangled coherent states. These include state verification and single-qubit operations with entangled coherent states. These are shown to be experimentally feasible with the state of the art superconducting circuits.
Quantum teleportation, one of the most significant protocols in quantum information processing, allows the unembodied transfer of an unknown quantum state from one location to another distinct location. Here, we propose a scheme of continuous-variable quantum teleportation, wherein the two-mode Gaussian entangled state generated by a correlated spontaneous emission laser (CEL) system is used as a quantum resource. Initially, the two quantized cavity fields, in the form of single-mode Gaussian states characterized by the non-classicality and purity of the states, along with a strong classical field, are coupled to the gain medium of the CEL system. We consider a squeezed coherent state (SCS) for the teleportation process and calculate the time-dependent expression for its teleportation fidelity using the Wigner function formalism. In this framework, we thoroughly analyze the teleportation of the SCS, using its fidelity, for various parameters of the proposed system. We show that the amplified entanglement generated by the CEL system leads to an optimized fidelity for the teleportation of SCS.
Abstract On this paper, we present a Kerr enhanced continuous variable quantum teleportation scheme based on a driven dissipative nondegenerate optical resonator that combines two mode parametric squeezing with intrinsic third-order Kerr nonlinearity. Right here by linearizing the quantum Langevin dynamics around the self consistent steady state intracavity fields and solving the associated continuous Lyapunov equation, we obtain the steady state covariance matrix and systematically characterize the resulting quantum correlations through logarithmic negativity, EPR variance, teleportation fidelity, and dynamical stability. With the assist of Kerr nonlinearity, parametric coupling, detuning, pump amplitude, and stability our results demonstrate that the quantum teleportation. our finding analysis the optimized stable regime supports teleportation fidelity above the classical benchmark, Ftel>0.5F_{\mathrm{tel}}>0.5Ftel​>0.5, establishing a direct connection between engineered Kerr mediated quantum correlations and operationally useful continuous variable state transfer. These results establish a promising compact platform for tunable entanglement generation and integrated quantum communication.
Quantum teleportation is one of the fundamental primitives of quantum cryptography. In order to achieve a wider range of high-capacity information transfer, we propose a free-space quantum teleportation (QT) protocol with orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexed continuous variable (CV) entangled states. The preparation of the entangled states is accomplished by the spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) process occurring in a hot 85Rb vapor cell, and the mode selection for the Bell-state measurement is achieved by employing the balanced homodyne detection technique. The fidelity of teleporting EPR entangled states carrying different topological charges via a Kolmogorov-type atmospheric turbulence channel is derived, and the superiority of enhancing the system channel capacity via OAM multiplexing is demonstrated. Our work provides a feasible scheme to implement high-capacity quantum communication in atmospheric environments.