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International Conference on Quantum Communications, Networking, and Computing (QCNC)

Teleportation of Coherent-State Qubits with Asymmetric and Lossy Entanglement Distribution

Davide Andromari, Andrea Giani, Moe Z. Win, Andrea Conti

Published Apr 6, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum teleportation enables transferring quantum states by leveraging entanglement. The distribution of entangled states is challenged by decoherence, which degrades the teleportation performance. Continuous-variable teleportation with coherent-state qubits has gained particular interest because it can provide better performance than discrete-variable teleportation with polarization-encoded qubits and is more resilient to decoherence. However, most existing schemes employ a specific configuration of coherent-state qubits, namely Schrödinger cat states, and assume symmetric photon-loss channels. This work explores the teleportation of qubits based on coherent states through asymmetric quantum channels impaired by photon loss. First, we characterize the teleportation protocol for arbitrary coherent-state qubit configurations considering asymmetric and photon-loss channels. Then, we present case studies under both ideal entanglement distribution and lossy conditions. Results reveal a trade-off between state distinguishability and teleportation fidelity, providing insight into the optimal design of coherent-state qubits in practical teleportation protocols.

DOI
10.1109/qcnc69040.2026.00168

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Quantum teleportation enables transferring quantum states by leveraging entanglement. The distribution of entangled states is challenged by decoherence, which degrades the teleportation performance. Continuous-variable teleportation with coherent-state qubits has gained particular interest because it can provide better performance than discrete-variable teleportation with polarization-encoded qubits and is more resilient to decoherence. However, most existing schemes employ a specific configuration of coherent-state qubits, namely Schrödinger cat states, and assume symmetric photon-loss channels. This work explores the teleportation of qubits based on coherent states through asymmetric quantum channels impaired by photon loss. First, we characterize the teleportation protocol for arbitrary coherent-state qubit configurations considering asymmetric and photon-loss channels. Then, we present case studies under both ideal entanglement distribution and lossy conditions. Results reveal a trade-off between state distinguishability and teleportation fidelity, providing insight into the optimal design of coherent-state qubits in practical teleportation protocols.
We compare single-photon qubits and hybrid qubits as information carriers through quantum teleportation using a Gaussian continuous-variable channel. A hybrid qubit in our study is in the form of entanglement between a coherent state and a single photon. We find that hybrid qubits outperform photonic qubits when coherent amplitudes of the hybrid qubits are as low as $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\lesssim}1$, while single-photon qubits yield better results for larger amplitudes. We analyze further the effect of photon losses and observe that the overall character of teleportation for different qubits remains the same although the teleportation fidelities are degraded by photon losses. Our work provides a comparative look at practical quantum information processing with different types of qubits.
The continuous-variable (CV) quantum state of light allows for the teleportation of a discrete-variable (DV) photonic qubit. Such an operation is useful in the realm of hybrid quantum networks. However, it is known that the teleportation of a DV qubit via a Gaussian CV resource state is severely limited under channel loss, with a teleportation fidelity beyond the classical limit unattainable for losses exceeding a small threshold. In this paper, we present a nondeterministic teleportation protocol that combines a Gaussian CV resource state with a modified form of the Bell state measurement that accommodates significantly improved DV-qubit fidelity over a wide range of channel losses. Beyond this improvement, we also show how the use of non-Gaussian operations on the CV resource state can lead to a DV-qubit fidelity approaching unity for any channel loss.
Optical coherent states are experimentally realizable continuous variable quantum states of which preparation by lasers, as well as its manipulation and monitoring by linear optical gadgets are well established. We propose a strategy to send an arbitrary superposition of four-component bimodal entangled coherent states from a sender to a receiver who, simultaneously, tries to transmit an unknown Schrodinger Cat coherent state to sender via employing a cluster consisting of three superposition of two component bimodal entangled coherent states as the quantum channel and utilizing linear optical gadgets. Heralded detection of photons in laboratories of sender and receiver followed by classical communications of even and odd number of photons and local unitary operations, impeccably, accomplishes simultaneous faithful asymmetric bidirectional quantum teleportation with one eighth of probability of success. It is seen that not all detection events implement the protocol and, therefore, one has to locally apply displacement operator, a necessary evil. We analyze near faithful partial asymmetric bidirectional quantum teleportation and associated probability of success therein. We demonstrated that, for an intense coherent optical field, fidelity approach unity.
Hybrid entanglement between discrete-variable (DV) and continuous-variable (CV) quantum systems is an essential resource for heterogeneous quantum networks. Our previous work showed that in lossy channels the teleportation of DV qubits, via CV-entangled states, can be significantly improved by a new protocol defined by a modified Bell state measurement at the sender. This work explores whether a new, similarly modified, CV-based teleportation protocol can lead to improvement in the transfer of hybrid entangled states. To set the scene, we first determine the performance of such a modified protocol in teleporting CV-only qubits, showing that significant improvement over traditional CV-based teleportation is obtained. We then explore similar modifications in the teleportation of a specific hybrid entangled state showing that significant improvement over traditional CV-based teleportation is again found. For a given channel loss, we find teleporting the DV qubit of the hybrid entangled state can always achieve higher fidelity than teleporting the CV qubit. We then explore the use of various non-Gaussian operations in our modified teleportation protocol, finding that, at a cost of lower success probability, quantum scissors provides the most improvement in the loss tolerance. Our new results emphasize that in lossy conditions, the quantum measurements undertaken at the sender can have a surprising and dramatic impact on CV-based teleportation.
We compare three different types of optical qubits for information transfer via quantum teleportation and direction transmission under photon losses. The three types of qubits are (1) qubits using the vacuum and the single-photon (VSP) states, (2) single-photon qubits using polarization degrees of freedom, i.e., polarized single-photon (PSP) qubits, and (3) coherent-state qubits that use two coherent states with opposite phases as the qubit basis. Our analysis shows that the teleportation scheme outperforms the direct transmission for most of cases as far as fidelities are concerned. Overall, VSP qubits are found to be the most efficient for both the direct transmission and teleportation under photon loss effects. The coherent-state qubits are more robust than PSP qubits either when their amplitudes are small as $|\ensuremath{\alpha}|\ensuremath{\lesssim}1.22$ or when photon loss effects are strong. Our results would provide useful and timely information for the development of practical optical quantum information processing particularly in the context of hybrid architectures.
We investigate quantum teleportation of ensembles of coherent states of light with a Gaussian distributed displacement in phase space. Recently, the following general question has been addressed in [P. Liuzzo-Scorpo et al., arXiv:1705.03017]: Given a limited amount of entanglement and mean energy available as resources, what is the maximal fidelity that can be achieved on average in the teleportation of such an alphabet of states? Here, we consider a variation of this question, where Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen steering is used as a resource rather than plain entanglement. We provide a solution by means of an optimisation within the space of Gaussian quantum channels, which allows for an intuitive visualisation of the problem. We first show that not all channels are accessible with a finite degree of steering, and then prove that practical schemes relying on asymmetric two-mode Gaussian states enable one to reach the maximal fidelity at the border with the inaccessible region. Our results provide a rigorous quantitative assessment of steering as a resource for secure quantum teleportation beyond the so-called no-cloning threshold. The schemes we propose can be readily implemented experimentally by a conventional Braunstein–Kimble continuous variable teleportation protocol involving homodyne detections and corrective displacements with an optimally tuned gain. These protocols can be integrated as elementary building blocks in quantum networks, for reliable storage and transmission of quantum optical states.