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Recoil-Slit Interference in XLG Cosmology: A Queue-Disruption Picture

Lingguang Xu

Published May 7, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In a recent recoiling‑slit experiment (Pan et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 123601, 2025), interference contrast is observed to increase with the momentum uncertainty of a trapped atom acting as a movable slit. Standard quantum mechanics interprets this as a consequence of photon‑atom entanglement. In the XLG cosmology we propose a purely local picture. A photon is a queue of bubbles (an S‑shaped wave) propagating in the KuiQuark sea. The trapped atom creates a local bump in this sea. When the bump is sharp (atom well localised, small momentum uncertainty), the bubble queue is desynchronised and interference disappears. When the bump is smooth (atom delocalised, large momentum uncertainty), the queue remains synchronised and interference reappears. The critical momentum uncertainty is predicted to be Δp_c = ε² ℏ/λ, with ε = 1/137, in agreement with the observed scale. No wave‑function collapse or non‑local entanglement is invoked; the entire mechanism is local and mechanical.

DOI
10.5281/zenodo.20071718

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In a recent recoiling‑slit experiment (Pan et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 123601, 2025), interference contrast is observed to increase with the momentum uncertainty of a trapped atom acting as a movable slit. Standard quantum mechanics interprets this as a consequence of photon‑atom entanglement. In the XLG cosmology we propose a purely local picture. A photon is a queue of bubbles (an S‑shaped wave) propagating in the KuiQuark sea. The trapped atom creates a local bump in this sea. When the bump is sharp (atom well localised, small momentum uncertainty), the bubble queue is desynchronised and interference disappears. When the bump is smooth (atom delocalised, large momentum uncertainty), the queue remains synchronised and interference reappears. The critical momentum uncertainty is predicted to be Δp_c = ε² ℏ/λ, with ε = 1/137, in agreement with the observed scale. No wave‑function collapse or non‑local entanglement is invoked; the entire mechanism is local and mechanical.
The double-slit experiment is usually interpreted as proof of wave-particle duality. In this note we propose an alternative picture based on the XLG cosmology. Light is not a stream of point-like particles nor a continuous classical wave. It is a train of bubbles — coherent, extended structures that move in a queue. Each bubble executes an S-shaped internal vibration (the first wave), while the spacing between bubbles defines a second, macroscopic wave (the queue rhythm wave). Interference arises when a single queue splits into two (e.g., at a double slit or double pinhole), and the two sub-queues recombine behind the screen. Detection of “which path” does not collapse a wave function; it physically disrupts the queue synchronism. The picture is local, intuitive, and makes distinct predictions testable with weak measurements and two-pinhole experiments. It suggests that wave-particle duality is a historical conflation of two different waves.
The delayed-choice quantum eraser is often misinterpreted as evidence of retrocausality. This paper provides a physical alternative based on the XLG cosmology's Photon Helix model. Photons emitted from a fixed source at a constant angle form an ordered phase-locked sequence propagating through the KuiQuark Sea. Interference fringes arise from phase superposition of the KuiQuark wave, not from single-photon path superposition. Quantum erasure does not retroactively recover interference; it selects a phase component from pre-existing detection data. The delayed choice operates on post-collected data, not on photon propagation history. This interpretation is consistent with the double-slit two-layer wave mechanism in XLG cosmology and reproduces all measured correlations without retrocausality.
This paper is the fourth in the XLG Medium Quantum Theory (XLG-MQT) series. It presents the medium interpretation of key quantum phenomena, including double-slit interference, quantum tunneling, the uncertainty principle, Bell-type correlations, and orbital precession. All phenomena are derived from the medium dynamics of the KuiQuark Sea. Photons are treated as density perturbations of the medium. Interference arises from linear superposition of perturbations. Tunneling is exponential attenuation of perturbation amplitude through a high-pressure barrier. The uncertainty principle is shown to be a measurement limit imposed by intrinsic medium fluctuations. Bell-type correlations are explained by continuous medium coupling, not by nonlocal action. Orbital precession is derived from the nonlinear density gradient of the KuiQuark Sea. No probability waves, wavefunction collapse, or nonlocal assumptions are introduced.
In December 2025, Pan Jianwei’s research team reproduced the Einstein-Bohr recoiling-slit thought experiment proposed in 1927 at the quantum limit. They observed that the interference fringe contrast changes continuously with the momentum of the slit. Mainstream physical theories currently regard this phenomenon as critical evidence for the quantum complementarity principle. Based on the Light Primitive Theory, this paper points out that all relevant theoretical models established since the century-long debate at the Solvay Conference contain two fundamental idealized simplifications: first, physical slits are abstracted as two-dimensional geometric holes with zero thickness; second, the inherent continuous spatial oscillation of photons is ignored. Photons are not point-like particles moving along fixed straight lines. Their persistent oscillation enables continuous momentum coupling between photons and the photon self-locked matter forming the slit walls throughout the whole passage through the physically thick slit channel. The inverse correlation between path detectability and interference fringe visibility observed in the experiment can be self-consistently explained by continuous photon-slit wall interaction, without abstract hypotheses such as wave-particle complementarity or quantum superposition. This paper supplements the objective physical conditions missing from traditional models and provides a brand-new interpretative framework for quantum interference phenomena at the underlying mechanism level.
In 1927, during the fifth Solvay Conference, Einstein and Bohr described a double-slit interferometer with a "movable slit" that can detect the momentum recoil of one photon. Their debate centered on this Gedankenexperiment has provided profound insights into the central concepts of quantum mechanics. Despite many efforts to reproduce this conceptual experiment, a linear-optical version with a movable, quantum-limited slit and tunable momentum width remained challenging. Here, we report a realization of the Einstein-Bohr interferometer using a single atom in an optical tweezer, which is cooled to the motional ground state in three dimensions such that its momentum uncertainty is comparable to that of a single photon. We design an interferometric configuration where the single atom serves as an ultralight, quantum-limit beam splitter that is momentum entangled with the input photon. By varying the trap depth of the optical tweezer, we dynamically tune the atom's intrinsic momentum uncertainty, thus enabling the observation of a gradual shift in the visibility of single-photon interference. The interferometer also allows us to distinguish the classical noise caused by atom heating from the quantum-limited noise due to the momentum transfer, illustrating a quantum-to-classical transition.
Published in 2025, the recoiling-slit quantum interference experiment employs optically trapped single rubidium atoms to scatter photons. It claims to physically realize Einstein’s thought experiment of a movable physical slit and supports the principle of quantum complementarity based on experimental observations. Within the framework of the Original Light Theory, this paper strictly distinguishes the microscopic motion of individual photons and the statistical characteristics of photon ensembles. From the perspectives of acting environment, spatial scale and microscopic coupling mechanism, we demonstrate that the single rubidium atom scattering system only shares approximate mathematical appearances with the traditional double-slit system with physical wall thickness, while their physical essences are entirely different. This experiment artificially eliminates core physical conditions in real double-slit systems, including photon oscillation, slit channels and continuous momentum coupling between photons and slit walls, which constitutes typical conceptual substitution. Fundamentally, it is merely a recoil scattering experiment between single photons and isolated rubidium atoms, and cannot be equated with physical double-slit interference experiments. Once the inherent oscillation of photons and the mechanism of continuous interaction between photons and thick slit walls are incorporated, there is no basis for the equivalence of the two sets of models. Asserting model equivalence while ignoring photon oscillation and slit-wall coupling effects is nothing but self-deception. Its experimental conclusions are highly misleading. They cannot be extended to interpret real thick-wall double-slit interference and cannot serve as reliable experimental evidence for the validity of the principle of complementarity. Previous theoretical analyses built on physical slit models remain fully valid. Divergences originate from the replacement of experimental physical models rather than defects in the original physical mechanism analysis.