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Doklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus

State splitting and non-classical hybridization by Anderson localization

M. A. Antsukh, Dmitri S. Mogilevtsev

Published May 4, 2026• 0 citations
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Abstract

In this study, we demonstrate that Anderson localization of the electromagnetic field in a chain of coupled waveguides can be implemented to realize a multiple-output beam-splitter. We demonstrate that despite the inherently noisy character of Anderson localization, our beam-splitting device is able to realize hybridization of classical and non-classical states with several non-classical states as the output. This effect is illustrated by means of the example of single-photon state hybridization with the coherent state.

DOI
10.29235/1561-8323-2026-70-2-119-125

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In this study, we demonstrate that Anderson localization of the electromagnetic field in a chain of coupled waveguides can be implemented to realize a multiple-output beam-splitter. We demonstrate that despite the inherently noisy character of Anderson localization, our beam-splitting device is able to realize hybridization of classical and non-classical states with several non-classical states as the output. This effect is illustrated by means of the example of single-photon state hybridization with the coherent state.
We consider the propagation of light beams through disordered lattices of coupled waveguides searching for Anderson localization and investigating the evolution of nonclassical properties of injected quantum states. We assume that the beam is initially in a variety of states, such as the complementary coherent state, the reciprocal binomial state, and the polynomial state. The statistical properties of the evolved states were analyzed numerically as functions of the localization and delocalization parameters averaged over many realizations of disorder. We also numerically reconstruct the Wigner function of the output state. Interestingly, we find that high values of disorder tend to preserve the quantum properties of some input states when we look at the input waveguide despite of the coupling between it and the neighboring waveguides.
We report a theoretical study of Anderson localization of nonclassical light in an array of waveguides in which neighboring waveguides are evanescently coupled and in which the disorder can be added in a controlled manner. We use squeezed light at the input to investigate the effects of nonclassicality and compare the results with those obtained by using conventional classical fields, such as a coherent field and a Gaussian field. Our results show that there is an enhancement in fluctuations of localized light due to the medium's disorder. We find superbunching of the localized light, which may be useful for enhancing the interaction between radiation and matter. Another important consequence of sub-Poissonian statistics of the incoming light is to quench the total fluctuations at the output. Finally, we show that as a result of the multiplicative noise in the problem, the output field is far from Gaussian even if the input is a coherent field.
We report preparation and characterization of coherent superposition states t[0>+alpha]1> of the electromagnetic field by conditional measurements on a beam splitter. This state is generated in one of the beam splitter output channels if a coherent state [alpha> and a single-photon Fock state [1> are present in the two input ports and a single photon is registered in the other beam splitter output. The single photon thus plays a role of a "catalyst:" it is explicitly present in both the input and the output channels of the interaction yet facilitates generation of a nonclassical state of light.
Studying beam splitters as sources of entangled photons is a relevant topic in modern physics. In most cases, in quantum optics the theories of waveguide beam splitters of large and small sizes have no difference. In this work, it is shown that a nanosized waveguide beam splitter has a significant difference from a similar device, but on a larger scale. The output wave function of the beam splitter’s ports is analyzed in the arbitrary case of photons entering the first and second ports. The results obtained are sensitive to the size of the waveguide beam splitter, the coupling parameter of two waveguides, the monochromatic photons case of a linear beam splitter and the non-monochromaticity grade for photons entering both input ports of the beam splitter. The results are very important for various quantum technologies (e.g. integrated circuits, optical quantum computers) which use this type of beam splitter and quantum metrology.