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arXiv:2108.04844 · Physical Review A

Nonclassical properties and Anderson localization of quantum states in coupled waveguides

Thais de Lima Silva, Wesley Bueno Cardoso, Ardiley Torres Avelar, J. M. C. Malbouisson

Published Feb 15, 2022• 7 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We consider the propagation of light beams through disordered lattices of coupled waveguides searching for Anderson localization and investigating the evolution of nonclassical properties of injected quantum states. We assume that the beam is initially in a variety of states, such as the complementary coherent state, the reciprocal binomial state, and the polynomial state. The statistical properties of the evolved states were analyzed numerically as functions of the localization and delocalization parameters averaged over many realizations of disorder. We also numerically reconstruct the Wigner function of the output state. Interestingly, we find that high values of disorder tend to preserve the quantum properties of some input states when we look at the input waveguide despite of the coupling between it and the neighboring waveguides.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.105.023710

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We consider the propagation of light beams through disordered lattices of coupled waveguides searching for Anderson localization and investigating the evolution of nonclassical properties of injected quantum states. We assume that the beam is initially in a variety of states, such as the complementary coherent state, the reciprocal binomial state, and the polynomial state. The statistical properties of the evolved states were analyzed numerically as functions of the localization and delocalization parameters averaged over many realizations of disorder. We also numerically reconstruct the Wigner function of the output state. Interestingly, we find that high values of disorder tend to preserve the quantum properties of some input states when we look at the input waveguide despite of the coupling between it and the neighboring waveguides.
We report a theoretical study of Anderson localization of nonclassical light in an array of waveguides in which neighboring waveguides are evanescently coupled and in which the disorder can be added in a controlled manner. We use squeezed light at the input to investigate the effects of nonclassicality and compare the results with those obtained by using conventional classical fields, such as a coherent field and a Gaussian field. Our results show that there is an enhancement in fluctuations of localized light due to the medium's disorder. We find superbunching of the localized light, which may be useful for enhancing the interaction between radiation and matter. Another important consequence of sub-Poissonian statistics of the incoming light is to quench the total fluctuations at the output. Finally, we show that as a result of the multiplicative noise in the problem, the output field is far from Gaussian even if the input is a coherent field.
We report on our latest findings on photonic Quantum Walks (QW) of entangled particles in several quantum transport regimes as for instance in photonic Bloch lattices or disordered lattices. Furthermore, the discrete fractional Fourier transform of quantum states is presented in the context of QWs. The propagation of a classical single walker on a random graph is an important field in statistics and can be applied on many domains in nature reaching from a foraging animals over Brownian molecular motion towards the evolution of lead changes in competitive team sports. Its quantum mechanical counterpart, the Quantum Walk (QW), features genuine quantum objects to walk on a random graph and hence, leading to non-classical quantum interference, in particular when considering two or more walkers. Their great potential lies i.a. in their ability to exponentially speed up a multitude of algorithms, as for instance the data bank search algorithm from L. Grover. In this regard, photonic lattices of evanescently coupled waveguides represent an ideal platform to study QW dynamics, since they feature advantages in stability, robustness and miniaturization. Our waveguide lattices were fabricated by means the direct laser inscription technique. In doing so, three dimensional waveguide geometries are realizable, enabling the implementation of various QW graphs. Along these lines, we study QWs of entangled photon pairs in disordered lattices. There we observe Anderson co-localization, meaning that neither the individual photons nor the pair localizes, rather their distance does. It turns out that both photons tend to bunch as they will be found together in the same lattice site, implying that their original correlation remains while performing a QW in a disordered lattice. Further, we investigate QWs of non-local two-photon EPR-states in Bloch-lattices. The experimental results reveal the strong dependence of the correlation output statistics (bosonic-, anyonicor fermionic-like) on the input states' symmetry. Finally, the discrete fractional Fourier transform of quantum states is realized through a discrete QW lattice. The results demonstrate the enormous potential of waveguide lattices in the field of quantum photonics and give rise to further investigations like the Fourier suppression law.
We report a theoretical study of Anderson localization of nonclassical light with emphasis on the quantum statistical aspects of localized light. We demonstrate, from the variance in mean intensity of localized light, as well as site-to-site correlations, that the localized light carries signatures of quantum statistics of input light. For comparison, we also present results for input light with coherent field statistics and thermal field statistics. Our results show that there is an enhancement in fluctuations of localized light due to the medium's disorder. We also find superbunching of the localized light, which may be useful for enhancing the interaction between radiation and matter. Another important consequence of sub-Poissonian statistics of the incoming light is to quench the total fluctuations at the output. Finally, we compare the effects of Gaussian and Rectangular distributions for the disorder, and show that Gaussian disorder accelerates the localization of light.
In this study, we demonstrate that Anderson localization of the electromagnetic field in a chain of coupled waveguides can be implemented to realize a multiple-output beam-splitter. We demonstrate that despite the inherently noisy character of Anderson localization, our beam-splitting device is able to realize hybridization of classical and non-classical states with several non-classical states as the output. This effect is illustrated by means of the example of single-photon state hybridization with the coherent state.
In an array of nonlinear waveguides, quantum states can be generated from classical states through spontaneous parametric down-conversion of photons. This work simulates and analyzes the effect of disorder on light propagation and its quantum correlations, implementing disorder in three system parameters: coupling, injection amplitude, and injection phase. It is determined that when light is injected into only one waveguide, disorder in the coupling increases localization and reduces dispersion. Moreover, in this case, propagation tends to remain ballistic, a characteristic feature of waveguide arrays. Conversely, disorder in the injection amplitude and phase tends to delocalize the wave function, with the latter having a more pronounced effect. Finally, it is observed that quantum correlations, obtained from the correlation matrix, are robust in the presence of disorder, particularly the null elements.