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IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications

An Optimal Latency Qubit Transmission Strategy for Quantum Information Networks

Wenkang Cen, Huaming Mai, Jinbei Zhang, Kechao Cai, John C. S. Lui

Published Jan 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1109/jsac.2026.3688604

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Owing to the eminent performance gain, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been regarded as a promising approach to achieve high throughput and low latency for the next-generation networks. Nevertheless, potential adversaries can still pose a threat to secure transmission in NOMA systems. Hence, in this article, secure transmission schemes based on beamforming optimization are designed to combat both internal and external eavesdropping for downlink multi-input single-output NOMA networks. Using the transmit beamforming design, we first propose two schemes to protect the privacy of a specific NOMA user in the presence of untrusted users. Then, the sum secrecy rate optimization problem is studied to combat the external eavesdropper through optimizing the precoding vectors, when the channel state information (CSI) is available. In addition, two secure beamforming strategies with the help of artificial noise and inter-user interference are proposed without eavesdropping CSI, respectively. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes, and some open issues are discussed as well.
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In recent years, quantum communication networks have emerged as a promising alternative to classical communication networks for the transmission of quantum information. One of the challenges for achieving optimal performance in quantum communication networks is the efficient routing of quantum signals across multiple paths. To address this, a variety of routing protocols have been proposed, including multi-path routing protocols. Multi-path routing involves sending a quantum signal through multiple distinct paths simultaneously to reduce delays in the transmission of quantum information. By distributing the quantum information over multiple paths, this approach can provide significant performance improvements, including reduced latency and higher throughput. In addition, multi-path routing can enable new possibilities for the security of quantum communication networks, such as more secure entanglement swapping protocols and improved protection against eavesdropping. In this paper, we investigate the performance of multi-path routing protocols in multi-node quantum communication networks. We consider two approaches to multi-path routing, a basic routing approach based on shortest path optimization, and a more advanced approach based on graph partitions. We evaluate the performance of these protocols in a range of multi-node networks, with focus on the trade-off between latency and throughput. The results show that multi-path routing yields significant performance improvements in such networks and provides an efficient way for routing quantum signals across multiple paths.