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量子人假设:真实经济决策的新范式(Quantum Human Hypothesis: A New Paradigm for Real Economic Decision-Making)

Huilin Zhao

Published May 2, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

摘 要:经典经济学中的理性人假设因过度理想化,与实际经济决策行为存在显著偏差,成为理论阐释现实经济现象的核心阻碍。行为经济学和有限理性理论虽突破了理性人假设的局限,但对于多元偏好并存、偏好不稳定以及偏好逆转等复杂决策现象,仍缺乏有效的解释力。本文引入量子力学中的叠加态、态坍缩等核心原理,提出“量子人假设”这一决策主体的全新范式。系统地界定了量子人决策的基本特征,严谨推导可量化的决策概率公式,深入剖析该公式的理论内涵与实践价值,并以金融投资场景作为典型案例,完成公式的实证应用与量化推演。研究结果显示,“量子人假设”的决策逻辑精准地刻画了经济决策的叠加性、情境依赖性、概率性以及信息偏误性等本质特征,实现了从理想化理论假设向真实化行为刻画的范式转变,为经济学决策理论的革新提供了全新的分析框架,兼具重要的理论创新价值与实践应用价值。 关键词:量子人假设;决策逻辑;量子态坍缩;决策理论

DOI
10.5281/zenodo.19975194

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Since its emergence in the 1970s, behavioral economics has integrated psychological insights into economics—drawing on Kahneman and Tversky's prospect theory, Thaler's psychological accounting and boost theory, and Schiller's behavioral finance—thereby dismantling the myth of the "homo economicus" and revealing systematic cognitive biases inherent to human decision-making. However, classical behavioral economics has been constructed from a collection of fragmented "effects" and "biases," lacking a unified, axiomatic mathematical framework; moreover, the frequent practice among researchers to selectively apply individual effects has undermined the discipline's predictive power and theoretical coherence. This book is the first academic monograph in the world to systematically expound on quantum behavioral economics—a new paradigm devised specifically to overcome this fundamental dilemma. It introduces concepts such as Hilbert spaces, state vectors, superposition, entanglement, measurement collapse, quantum probability, interference effects, unitary evolution, decoherence, non-commutative observables, and quantum phase transitions into the foundational bedrock of behavioral economics: that preferences and beliefs coexist in a superposition prior to decision-making; that decision-making consists of constructing measurements to extract definite preferences via measurement collapse; and that the beliefs and behaviors of individuals are entangled, exhibiting non-local quantum correlations. Furthermore, it posits that the sequence in which information is presented and the framing effects are intrinsic properties of quantum decision-making—rather than mere "biases." This book comprises six parts and thirty chapters: Part I, "Paradigm Revolution," establishes the philosophical foundations, the quantum subject hypothesis, and the analytical framework; Part II develops quantum probabilistic judgments, quantum heuristics, quantum prospect theory, quantum decision-making under uncertainty, and quantum framing effects; Part III explores quantum preferences, quantum utility, quantum choice theory, quantum endowment effects and loss aversion, as well as the current state of quantum research and default effects; Part IV extends the scope to quantum social preferences, quantum altruism, quantum trust and cooperation, quantum game theory, and quantum public goods games; Part V examines quantum intertemporal choice, quantum hyperbolic discounting, quantum self-control, quantum procrastination and addiction, and quantum habit formation and behavioral change across temporal dimensions; Part VI demonstrates the application of framing in finance, markets, public policy, and health domains, while offering insights into the future of this discipline. This work pursues three overarching objectives: theoretical unification and depth, originality and authority, and seamless readability. It is intended for graduate students, faculty, and researchers in behavioral economics, decision science, psychology, and finance, as well as for public policy makers and practitioners in financial markets to provide new paradigm-based analytical tools.